Detuning-dependent Mollow triplet of a coherently-driven single quantum dot

Ulhaq, Ata; Weiler, Stefanie; Roy, C.; Ulrich, S.; Jetter, Michael; Hughes, Stephen; Michler, Peter

doi:10.1364/oe.21.004382

Cited by 82 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In contrast to previous studies on the RF spectra of QDs under pulsed excitation which only considered electron-LA-phonon scattering via a non-polaronic timedependent dephasing [11], our full phonon model finds a notable asymmetry even in the cavity-emitted spectrum on resonance, due to phonon emission-assisted radiative decay, which is more probable than phonon absorption at low temperatures [28]. Symmetry is restored in the cw case [26,28] as the principle of detailed balance dictates the spectral weights when multi-photon emission dominates. For the same reason, the spectra are heavily modified for negative detunings; the phonon interaction now greatly increases the amplitude of the exciton peak in the incoherent spectrum, and decreases (relative to the amplitude of the peak when the detuning is positive) it in the coherent spectrum.…”

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confidence: 67%

Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

2018

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We present an open-system master equation study of the coherent and incoherent resonance fluorescence spectrum from a two-level quantum system under coherent pulsed excitation. Several pronounced features which differ from the fluorescence under a constant drive are highlighted, including a multi-peak structure and a pronounced off-resonant spectral asymmetry, in stark contrast to the conventional symmetrical Mollow triplet. We also study semiconductor quantum dot systems using a polaron master equation, and show how the key features of dynamic resonance fluorescence change with electron-acoustic-phonon coupling.The theory of resonant scattering of light from a twolevel system (TLS) is a major achievement in quantum optics and provides an experimentally accessible gateway to probing strong-field quantum optics. In recent decades, advances in the ability to coherently manipulate atomic systems with light has allowed for a breadth of technological innovations which harness the quantum mechanical properties of these systems [1]. Furthermore, quantum dots (QDs) -semiconductor materials confined in three dimensions, with excited electron-hole pairs (excitons) mimicking the behaviour of an excited atom, can serve as "artificial atoms", maintaining the physics of the quantized system's interaction with the electromagnetic field, but with tunable properties and potential for scalability [2]. Semiconductor QDs have been the subject of much recent research for their potential as sources of quantum light, particularly single and entangled photons [3]. While constant excitation with a continuous wave (cw) laser drive can be used to create a TLS singlephoton source, often technological proposals require a deterministic source -one that can be triggered on-demand. This is typically done by an optical pulse, which renders resonance fluorescence (RF) of a TLS a genuine timedependent quantum dynamical process.The usual features of the RF spectrum under strong cw excitation manifest as the so-called Mollow triplet [4], where the power spectrum of the scattered field takes on a characteristic three-peak resonance structure due to radiative transitions between eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian, as well as a delta function peak at the (monochromatic) drive frequency corresponding to coherent elastic scattering. However, under excitation by a short pulse, the RF spectrum can take on features which obscure or eliminate this characteristic spectrum, especially under off-resonant excitation. The pulsed RF spectrum has been studied theoretically in atomic systems [5][6][7][8][9][10], and more recently in QD-cavity systems for on-resonance excitation [11], where a dynamic spectrum has been observed in the presence of cavity coupling [12].In this Letter, we describe the unique features of pulsed * c.gustin@queensu.ca RF spectra in depth using a master equation approach, and explore the different effects under time-dependent excitation, which are of interest to emerging experimental studies of pulsed quantum optical systems. In particul...

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confidence: 67%

Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

2018

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“…In fact, narrowing can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an observed experimental trend [9]. Again, this behaviour is not QDspecific, and so we expect the emission features outlined above to be of importance in a wide variety of experimental settings.Acknowledgments -During the completion of this work we became aware of similar results for the spectral narrowing obtained independently [41]. We thank Stephen Hughes and co-workers for bringing these to our attention.…”

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confidence: 61%

“…Acknowledgments -During the completion of this work we became aware of similar results for the spectral narrowing obtained independently [41]. We thank Stephen Hughes and co-workers for bringing these to our attention.…”

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confidence: 61%

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

McCutcheon

Nazir

2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon-enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behaviour results from thermalisation of the dot with respect to the phonon bath, and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off-resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.PACS numbers: 78.67. Hc, As described by Mollow, the spectrum of light scattered from a resonantly driven two-level system (TLS) depends crucially on the relative size of the laser driving strength to the TLS radiative decay rate [1]. For weak driving, the light is predominately coherently (or elastically) scattered, resulting in a single (delta function) peak in the emission spectrum at the laser frequency. At larger driving strengths, however, coherent scattering is strongly suppressed, and the emission becomes dominated by incoherent (inelastic) scattering from the TLSlaser dressed states [2]. This results in a triple-peak structure in the spectrum, known as the Mollow triplet.While these fundamental predictions have long been confirmed in the traditional quantum optical setting of driven atoms [3], interest has turned more recently to their observation in solid-state TLSs (artificial atoms) such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], single molecules [11], and superconducting circuits [12]. In the particular case of QDs, many of the archetypal features of atomic quantum optics have now been demonstrated, such as resonance fluorescence [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], coherent population oscillations [7,[13][14][15], photon anti-bunching [16,17], and two-photon interference [18][19][20]. Aside from being of fundamental interest, these observations also pave the way towards using QDs as efficient single photon sources [21][22][23][24], and for other quantum technologies [25].Thus, under appropriate conditions, the emission properties of a driven QD can bear close resemblance to the more idealised case of a driven atom in free space. QDs are, nevertheless, unavoidably coupled to their surrounding solid-state environments. For coherentlydriven (ground state) excitonic transitions in typical arsenide QDs, coupling to acoustic phonons has been demonstrated to dominate the QD-environment interaction [14,15], leading to the appearance of an excitationinduced dephasing contribution with a rate that varies with the square of the Rabi frequency (dot-laser coupling strength) [9,14,15,26]. This driving dependence is theoretically understood as resulting from phonons that induce transitions between the dressed states of the QD at...

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“…The multiphoton transitions between the doubly dressed states in the coupled "qubit-bichromatic field" system have been observed in spectral and time-resolved experiments. Doubly dressed states of qubits have been studied in a wide range of physical objects, including, among others, electron and nuclear spins [10,11,13], quantum dots [14,15], superconducting qubits [16], and cold atoms [17]. The splitting of each peak of the initial Mollow triplet into three new ones has been demonstrated at the continuous-wave optical bichromatic excitation of two-level atoms [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Relaxation, decoherence, and steady-state population inversion in qubits doubly dressed by microwave and radiofrequency fields

Saǐko¹,

Fedaruk²,

Markevich³

2014

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The coherent dynamics of relaxing spin qubits driven by a classical bichromatic field comprising a strong resonant component and a weaker component with a frequency close to the strong-field Rabi frequency is studied. The double dressing by the bichromatic field modifies dephasing and dissipation processes. We demonstrate that detuning of the weakerfield frequency from the strong-field Rabi frequency prolongs the decay of Rabi oscillations between some doubly dressed states. The sensitivity of Rabi oscillations to the modified detuning-dependent relaxation is illustrated for nitrogen-vacancy qubits in diamond. We discuss a steady-state population inversion of the doubly dressed-state levels.

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Detuning-dependent Mollow triplet of a coherently-driven single quantum dot

Cited by 82 publications

References 37 publications

Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

Spectral asymmetries in the resonance fluorescence of two-level systems under pulsed excitation

Model of the Optical Emission of a Driven Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Phonon-Enhanced Coherent Scattering and Off-Resonant Sideband Narrowing

Relaxation, decoherence, and steady-state population inversion in qubits doubly dressed by microwave and radiofrequency fields

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