Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology of the Siwalik Group of the Nepal Himalaya: implications for provenance analysis

Baral, Upendra; Ding, Lin; Chamlagain, Deepak

doi:10.1007/s00531-015-1198-7

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…However, exclusive sediment recycling from the older foreland basin deposits into younger Siwaliks of the Mohand‐Rao and Haripur‐Khol sections can be ruled out. Because of the occurrence of Oligocene‐Miocene detrital zircon grains in the Siwaliks of both sections, which do not occur in the Late Paleocene to mid‐Miocene Sub‐Himalayan foreland basin deposits (Figure ; Baral et al, ; DeCelles et al, ; Ravikant et al, ). Furthermore, cannibalization of older Sub‐Himalayan foreland basin deposits would deliver dominantly Neoproterozoic‐Cambrian zircon grains (Figure ).…”

Section: Provenance Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy Isotopic and Geochemical Analysis of the Siwalik Sediments in NW India: Implication for the Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Himalaya

et al. 2019

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Provenance analysis of the Sub-Himalayan Late Miocene-Pleistocene foreland basin deposits (Siwaliks) from the Dehradun reentrant area provides a 10-Myr long record of the denudation history and tectonic evolution of the northwestern Indian Himalaya. We studied Siwalik sediments exposed along the Mohand-Rao and Haripur-Khol sections, using detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry. Results suggest that the erosion pattern has been relatively stable since the Late Miocene with sediments derived from the Tethyan Himalayan (THS), Greater Himalayan (GHS), and outer-(oLHS) and inner-Lesser Himalayan (iLHS) sequences. Provenance data indicate that erosional unroofing of the Lesser Himalayan Crystalline sequences (LHCS) initiated around 6 Ma, possibly related to out-of-sequence movement of the Ramgarh-Munsiari Thrust. Our data also suggest erosional recycling of older foreland basin deposits into younger Siwaliks since~5.5 Ma, which may indicate the time of thrust propagation from the Lesser Himalaya into the foreland basin. While the iLHS has been exposed to erosion since at least~10 Ma, the Siwaliks were dominated by materials derived from the GHS and THS sources. We interpret these results as an indication that tectonic uplift and erosion of the orogenic wedge occurred in response to duplexing of the iLHS and concomitant high topography and rock uplift rate in the Greater and Tethyan Himalaya. Comparing the provenance of the Siwalik sediments with that of the modern Ganga and Yamuna river sediments further indicates that deposition during the Late Cenozoic was most likely accomplished by southward flowing transverse Himalayan rivers, analogous to the modern ones.

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Section: Provenance Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiproxy Isotopic and Geochemical Analysis of the Siwalik Sediments in NW India: Implication for the Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Himalaya

et al. 2019

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“…It is possible that the Siwalik Group is analogous to the Dumri Formation. The younger grains with detrital zircon U–Pb ages ~85–50 Ma in the Dumri Formation and the Middle Siwalik section in eastern Nepal (Baral et al, ) resemble the age of the Gangdese Arc (Jargal & Lee, ). Caused by the India–Asia collision, the Gangdese Arc consists of Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatic rocks that were uplifted and fed the detritus for the Zongzhuo Formation (a forearc basin deposit; Cai, Ding, & Yue, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The detrital zircon U–Pb ages from the Dumri Formation and Siwalik Group (Baral, Ding, & Chamlagain, ; Baral, Ding, & Chamlagain, ) are relatively similar, suggesting that there was not any significant change in the provenance of the foreland basin from the Miocene to the Pleistocene, and there was probably substantial recycling of older foreland basin sediments (Figure c,d). It is possible that the Siwalik Group is analogous to the Dumri Formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic constraints, and trace element analysis of Upper Cretaceous–Neogene sedimentary units in the Western Nepal Himalaya: Implications for provenance changes and India–Asia collision

et al. 2018

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The present study integrates detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic analysis from 13 sandstone samples from an Upper Cretaceous-Miocene sedimentary sequence in Nepal Himalaya to determine their provenance. These sequences constrain a shifting of provenance from south to north. The U-Pb ages from Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene strata (Amile Formation) mainly cluster betweeñ 1,860 and 1,400 Ma with a peak at~1,630 Ma and an absence of grains younger than the Palaeoproterozoic (1,400 Ma) age. The detritus yielded positive detrital zircon Ɛ Hf (t) values (as high as +10). However, the detrital zircon U-Pb ages from Eocene-Miocene sequence cluster at~500-650,~700-900,~1,600-1,850, and~2,500 Ma, and in addition, they have both positive and negative Ɛ Hf (t) values (+11 to −25). This finding further elucidates that the detritus in the Amile Formation was entirely sourced from India, which changed following the time of the Bhainskati Formation deposition, to a mixture of both Asian and Indian affinities (the Himalayan region). This change in source region marks the possible time of the India-Asia collision during this transition phase, that is, Late Palaeocene-Earliest Eocene.

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“…garnet, staurolite, kyanite, and sillimanite; DeCelles et al ., ) illustrates that the Siwalik Group derived from the TH, HH, and LH. The U–Pb detrital zircon ages of the eastern Nepal Siwalik section (Koshi River section) illustrate the TH and upper LH as the sediment sources, whereas HH sediments appeared in greater quantities in the western section (Surai Khola; Baral et al ., ).…”

Section: Basin Development Historymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A number of detrital minerals' ages were examined by a number of researchers in the Siwalik section of Nepal (Fig. ), for example, detrital zircon populations with U–Pb ages (DeCelles et al ; Baral et al ., ) and Neogene Ar–Ar mica ages (Szulc et al ., ). The occurrence of abundant plagioclase and high‐grade metamorphic minerals (e.g.…”

Section: Basin Development Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau – the Nepal Himalaya and the provenance of their foreland basins

Neupane

Tan

et al. 2016

Geological Journal

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The Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan region formed after 55-50 Ma, as a result of the intracontinental collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, occupying the east-west trending, high-altitude Himalaya and Karakorum ranges in the south and the vast Tibetan Plateau to the north of central Asia. The tectonic evolution of Tibet began between the late Palaeozoic and the Cenozoic, and the Himalayan mountain system evolved in a series of stages beginning 50-35 Ma and is still active.Active tectonics significantly affect upheaval and the rate of erosion in the Himalaya. Therefore, different foreland basins of the Tibetan Plateau (e.g. the Lhasa terrane, the Hoh Xil Basin, the Qaidam Basin, and the Jiuquan Basin) and the Himalayan foreland basins (e.g. Gondwanaland Basin and the Siwalik and Quaternary basin) experience direct effects in terms of tectonic and sedimentary evolution. For the tectonic evolution and provenance analysis of foreland basins in the Tibetan Plateau and the Nepal Himalaya, researchers have adopted various techniques in past studies: This paper discusses petrography, U-Pb geochronology, and seismic reflection.Provenance analyses have illustrated that the sediments of the Southern Tibetan foreland basin (i.e. the Lhasa terrane) derive from the Qiangtang, Tethys

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Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology of the Siwalik Group of the Nepal Himalaya: implications for provenance analysis

Abstract: a link with the Higher Himalaya and lower Lesser Himalaya. Therefore, the provenance of the Siwalik Group in the Nepal Himalaya might have witnessed a mixed type of provenance similar to the northwestern Himalaya.

Cited by 19 publications

References 77 publications

Multiproxy Isotopic and Geochemical Analysis of the Siwalik Sediments in NW India: Implication for the Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Himalaya

Multiproxy Isotopic and Geochemical Analysis of the Siwalik Sediments in NW India: Implication for the Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Himalaya

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic constraints, and trace element analysis of Upper Cretaceous–Neogene sedimentary units in the Western Nepal Himalaya: Implications for provenance changes and India–Asia collision

Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau – the Nepal Himalaya and the provenance of their foreland basins

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