Detrital zircon in sandstones from the Palaeoproterozoic Waterberg and Nylstroom basins, South Africa: Provenance and recycling

Andersen, Tom; Elburg, Marlina; Niekerk, H.S. Van

doi:10.25131/sajg.122.0008

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This is in agreement with paleocurrent direction from the north and west , and the connection between the Pietersburg and Witwatersrand blocks Laurent et al, 2019) around the time of deposition of the upper Witwatersrand Supergroup at 2.9-2.78 Ga. The characteristics of the accretionary lapilli tuff from the Amalia area provide a match for zircon from the Svaershoek Formation of the Waterberg Group (Andersen et al, 2019). It is however doubtful that this equates to direct derivation of the sediment from these outcrops, considering the depositional age of ca.…”

Section: Comparison To Detrital Zircon Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

Lu-Hf analyses of zircon from the Makoppa Dome and Amalia-Kraaipan area: implications for evolution of the Kimberley and Pietersburg blocks of the Kaapvaal Craton

Elburg

Poujol²

2020

South African Journal of Geology

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Previously dated zircon crystals from the Amalia-Kraaipan granite-greenstone belts and Makoppa Dome were analysed for their Lu-Hf isotopic characteristics to refine the geological evolution of these areas. Samples from the Makoppa Dome, belonging to the Pietersburg Block, largely fall within the epsilon Hf-age range for granitoids from the eastern part of the block. However, the oldest 3.01 to 3.03 Ga trondhjemitic gneisses show that reworking of juvenile mafic crust started earlier in the western than the eastern part of the block, suggesting a diachronous tectonic evolution. The three granitoids from the Amalia-Kraaipan area fall within the field for Pietersburg and Kimberley block granitoids. Contribution from older crustal material is seen in a 3.08 Ga schist, likely derived from a volcanic protolith, from the Madibe Belt, in the far east of the Kimberley Block, with a mantle extraction age of 3.25 to 3.45 Ga. The data suggest that the Kimberley Block, like the Pietersburg Block, also contains (minor) ancient crustal components, derived from a depleted mantle source prior to 3.1 Ga. The new data suggest that the Kimberley and Pietersburg blocks underwent a very similar Paleo- to Mesoarchean crustal evolution, with a major crust formation event at 3.1 to 3.0 Ga followed by successive crust reworking until 2.77 Ga. Lavas of the Ventersdorp Supergroup, for which zircon grains from a ca. 2.75 lapilli tuff give εHfi of +2, are the first evidence of a juvenile source, after 300 Myr of crustal reworking.

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Section: Comparison To Detrital Zircon Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

Lu-Hf analyses of zircon from the Makoppa Dome and Amalia-Kraaipan area: implications for evolution of the Kimberley and Pietersburg blocks of the Kaapvaal Craton

Elburg

Poujol²

2020

South African Journal of Geology

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“…Up to date, little progress has been made, regarding detrital zircon studies dealing with Namibian Karoo-aged successions in the studied area (Jansson 2010;Zieger et al 2019). The lack of provenance studies on other southern African Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata is also apparent (Andersen et al 2016b;Bowden 2013;Veevers and Saeed 2007;Viglietti et al 2018), which in contrast to the importance of the Karoo-aged sediments, as they may play a central role in the integrated recycling model for the southern African region proposed by Andersen et al (2019b), questioning classic source-to-sink dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mesozoic deposits of SW Gondwana (Namibia): unravelling Gondwanan sedimentary dispersion drivers by detrital zircon

Zieger

Harazim

Hofmann

et al. 2020

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Namibian Mesozoic successions may be remnant of a high dynamic sedimentary system that is characterized by multiple stages of sediment accumulation and erosion with contemporaneous homogenization starting with the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Group strata and continues at least until the Lower Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary system is interpreted to have involved at least an area covering the whole SW Gondwana, documenting the sedimentary history during the evolution from an ice house environment to an arid desert. To test the sediment homogenization hypothesis, we applied a combination of isotopic and morphometric data on detrital zircon grains, as well as whole-rock geochemical data of selected Mesozoic sandstones from Namibia. As a base for the interpretation of the detrital zircon age data we compiled a zircon age dataset with c. 44,000 analyses for the southern African region. All samples reveal a major detrital pan-African zircon age peak of c. 0.5-0.7 Ga sourced from the pan-African magmatic events occurring around the Kalahari Craton margin. The lowermost Triassic is characterized by the occurrence of additional Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic age peaks of c. 1.0-1.2 Ga and 1.8-2.0 Ga with a majority of zircon grains showing angular shapes. The protosource of these grains is interpreted to possibly be the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex and other Paleoproterozoic structural units deformed in course of the Namaqua orogeny. In contrast, other samples show a prominent Permo-Triassic age peak and completely rounded zircon grains, putatively derived from within the Gondwanides volcanic arc. The disparity in the zircon age pattern may point towards a change in provenance and also a change in the whole system of zircon recycling during the Mesozoic southern Gondwana. The Lower Triassic Neu Loore fm. are constrained to more local bedrock sources and short zircon transport distance. In contrast, zircon grains of the Middle Triassic Omingonde, the Jurassic Etjo und the Cretaceous Twyfelfontein formations are an expression for a major recycling and sediment homogenization system. The system was facilitated by an interplay between fluvial and eolian sedimentary transport systems.

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“…Zircon grains were corrected for common lead where necessary, using a conventional 204 Pb correction with a composition of common lead according to the Stacey & Kramers (1975) model at the 206 Pb/ 238 U age of the zircon. Correction for common lead is a potential source of U‐Pb age bias (Andersen et al ., 2019a). Therefore, analyses of Neoproterozoic and older grains that were corrected for more than 0.2% common 206 Pb were not used to construct distribution curves (Andersen et al ., 2019b; Andersen & Elburg, 2022).…”

Section: Analytical Methods and Data Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrital zircon in an active sedimentary recycling system: Challenging the ‘source‐to‐sink’ approach to zircon‐based provenance analysis

2022

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The age and properties of detrital zircon in a sediment reflect properties of the rocks in which the zircon crystallized, and not necessarily the immediate precursor of the host sediment. Where clastic sediments are recycled, these properties are preserved so that U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf data on zircon grains will no longer give information on the routing of detritus. Because the crustal evolution and sedimentary recycling history of Southern Africa is well-established, Holocene sediments in the region provide a good test example for detrital zircon geochronology applied to sands or sandstones with a complex recycling history. Data from 16 samples of unconsolidated sand, including dunes from the southern part of the Kalahari Basin, beach sands at the Atlantic coast, and isolated inland dune occurrences, yield ranges of early Mesozoic to late Archaean ages. Uranium-lead and lutetium-hafnium isotope data provide no evidence of direct derivation of zircon from protosources in crystalline bedrock. The complex distribution patterns can be decomposed into seven 'provenance components' that have previously been encountered in Palaeoproterozoic to Jurassic sedimentary rocks in the region. These components occur in non-random combinations, in proportions that suggest mixing of recycled material from different sedimentary precursors. Taking pre-Cenozoic geology, Cretaceous to Pleistocene drainage history of southern Africa and Holocene wind and current patterns into account, it is possible to work out a consistent model for transport of detritus from sedimentary precursors into the basin, followed by aeolian remobilization within the basin itself. The detrital zircon distributions can thus be interpreted from prior knowledge of the basin filling history, regional geology, geomorphology, drainage evolution and wind pattern. This amounts to a line of reasoning from 'sink back to (intermediate) 'source', which is the opposite of the '(proto)source-to-sink' paradigm commonly invoked in detrital zircon studies.

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Detrital zircon in sandstones from the Palaeoproterozoic Waterberg and Nylstroom basins, South Africa: Provenance and recycling

Cited by 18 publications

References 74 publications

Lu-Hf analyses of zircon from the Makoppa Dome and Amalia-Kraaipan area: implications for evolution of the Kimberley and Pietersburg blocks of the Kaapvaal Craton

Lu-Hf analyses of zircon from the Makoppa Dome and Amalia-Kraaipan area: implications for evolution of the Kimberley and Pietersburg blocks of the Kaapvaal Craton

Mesozoic deposits of SW Gondwana (Namibia): unravelling Gondwanan sedimentary dispersion drivers by detrital zircon

Detrital zircon in an active sedimentary recycling system: Challenging the ‘source‐to‐sink’ approach to zircon‐based provenance analysis

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