Detrimental Effects of Metronidazole on the Liver of Freshwater Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Han, Junyan; Cai, Huixin; Wang, Jun; Liu, Guang-Chun

doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1059-7

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…ALT activity also correlated with the mycotoxin concentrations in feed (Spearman correlation coefficient, −0.409; significance, p = 0.047). This indicates damage to liver tissue, as has already been observed in carp under chemical stress [31]. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was not significantly influenced by DON feeding, which indicates that the rate of amino acid transformations via transamination is not influenced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON)

Pietsch

Schulz

Rovira

et al. 2014

Toxins

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. This study intends to further investigate the effects of DON on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. Experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg DON kg−1 feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish with the highest DON concentration. These effects of DON were mostly reversible by two weeks of feeding the uncontaminated control diet. Histopathological scoring revealed increased liver damage in DON-treated fish, which persisted even after the recovery phase. At the highest DON concentration, significantly more fat, and consequently, increased energy content, was found in whole fish body homogenates. This suggests that DON affects nutrient metabolism in carp. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in kidneys and muscle and high lactate levels in serum indicate an effect of DON on anaerobic metabolism. Serum albumin was reduced by feeding the medium and a high dosage of DON, probably due to the ribotoxic action of DON. Thus, the present study provides evidence of the effects of DON on liver function and metabolism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON)

Pietsch

Schulz

Rovira

et al. 2014

Toxins

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“…It is well known that CYP1A1-dependent EROD activity in organisms has been used extensively as a biomarker of environmental toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorated biphenyl (PCB) or polychlorodibenzo- p -dioxine (PCDD), due to the fact that EROD activity in animals can be significantly induced by these toxicants [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. However, it was reported that other contaminations, such as heavy metals, could also inhibit EROD activity in HepG2 cells [ 41 ], fish hepatoma cells PLHC-1 [ 42 ], or Hepa1c1c7 cells [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the Expression of Cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A11) in the Liver of Mouse Induced by Microcystin-LR

Zhang

Liu

2015

Toxins

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Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptide toxins and can accumulate in the liver. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play an important role in the biotransformation of endogenous substances and xenobiotics in animals. It is unclear if the CYPs are affected by MCs exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A11) at mRNA level, protein content, and enzyme activity in the liver of mice the received daily, intraperitoneally, 2, 4, and 8 µg/kg body weight of MCLR for seven days. The result showed that MCLR significantly decreased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) (CYP1A1) and erythromycin N-demthylase (ERND) (CYP3A11) activities and increased aniline hydroxylase (ANH) activity (CYP2E1) in the liver of mice during the period of exposure. Our findings suggest that MCLR exposure may disrupt the function of CYPs in liver, which may be partly attributed to the toxicity of MCLR in mice.

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“…It has been reported that buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals [18]. Some other antiprotozoal drugs have been reported to affect the oxidative status [5] and may increase MDA level [1,11,16] and decrease SOD level [5]. In this study, MDA (Figure 1), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo [24], was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

Işık

Ekici

Ilhan

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was administered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status markers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured. Buparvaquone caused statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increases in the troponin I and blood urea nitrogen levels and fluctuations in alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was no any statistically significance difference determined in the other parameters.Discussion: In this study, buparvaquone was administered two times at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) at 3-day intervals. Although the result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), it was determined that buparvaquone gradually increased the levels of the main oxidative stress marker, MDA, by approximately 2.8 fold. CAT and GPX levels were also found to have decreased by 2.2 fold. Buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals. Some other antiprotozoal drugs may affect the oxidative status and may increase MDA level and decrease SOD level. In this study, MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation. Changes in the levels of reduced GPX and CAT enzymes could be attributed to their use in mediating the hydrogen peroxide detoxification mechanisms. The absence of significant changes in the TAS levels in this study suggests that buparvaquone may partially induce oxidative stress by producing hydrogen peroxide, but no significant changes occurred in the oxidative stress level because of the high antioxidant capacity of sheep. In this study, buparvaquone caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of Tn-I, which is a marker of specific cardiac damage (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically (P > 0.05) significant increase in CK-MBmass. Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.

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Detrimental Effects of Metronidazole on the Liver of Freshwater Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON)

Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON)

Alteration in the Expression of Cytochrome P450s (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A11) in the Liver of Mouse Induced by Microcystin-LR

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

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