Detraining in the Older Adult

Harris, Chad; DeBeliso, Mark; Adams, Kent J.; Irmischer, Bobbie S.; Gibson, T

doi:10.1519/00124278-200708000-00027

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It is generally believed that previous strength training facilitates reacquisition of muscle mass even after long intervening periods of inactivity. However, there is little direct scientific evidence for such a memory effect of strength training in humans, although some studies have shown that muscle strength, and to some degree, hypertrophy, is resilient during detraining periods, and faster gain is obtained during subsequent retraining periods (12,17,21,45,46). Muscle memory involves the central nervous system and motor learning components, since an increase in force may precede an increase in muscle mass, possibly mediated by alterations in spinal motor neuron excitability and synaptogenesis within the spinal cord (1,37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle

Psilander

Eftestøl

Cumming

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Previously trained mouse muscles acquire strength and volume faster than naïve muscles; it has been suggested that this is related to increased myonuclear density. The present study aimed to determine whether a previously strength-trained leg (mem-leg) would respond better to a period of strength training than a previously untrained leg (con-leg). Nine men and 10 women performed unilateral strength training (T1) for 10 wk, followed by 20 wk of detraining (DT) and a 5-wk bilateral retraining period (T2). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after each training period and analyzed for myonuclear number, fiber volume, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Ultrasound and one repetition of maximum leg extension were performed to determine muscle thickness (MT) and strength. CSA (~17%), MT (~10%), and strength (~20%) increased during T1 in the mem-leg. However, the myonuclear number and fiber volume did not change. MT and CSA returned to baseline values during DT, but strength remained elevated (~60%), supporting previous findings of a long-lasting motor learning effect. MT and strength increased similarly in the mem-leg and con-leg during T2, whereas CSA, fiber volume, and myonuclear number remained unaffected. In conclusion, training response during T2 did not differ between the mem-leg and con-leg. However, this does not discount the existence of human muscle memory, since no increase in the number of myonuclei was detected during T1 and no clear detraining effect was observed for cell size during DT; thus, the present data did not allow for a rigorous test of the muscle memory hypothesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY If a long-lasting intramuscular memory exists in humans, this will affect strength-training advice for both athletes and the public. Based on animal experiments, we hypothesized that such a memory exists and that it is related to the myonuclear number. However, a period of unilateral strength training, followed by detraining, did not increase the myonuclear number. The training response, during a subsequent bilateral retraining period, was not enhanced in the previously trained leg.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle

Psilander

Eftestøl

Cumming

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Entretanto, outros estudos mostraram reduções significativas do desempenho de força muscular de membros superiores e inferiores após períodos de DT que oscilaram entre seis e 52 semanas (Carvalho et al, 2004;I. G. Fatouros et al, 2005;Ioannis G. Fatouros et al, 2006;Harris et al, 2007;Kalapotharakos et al, 2007;Toraman, 2005;Toraman & Ayceman, 2005). Esta controvérsia pode ser atribuída aos diferentes tipos de avaliação realizados nestes estudos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Além disso, protocolos de exercícios de força muscular são, especialmente, recomendados para idosos, visto o potencial efeito protetor na capacidade funcional (Da Costa, Cattuzzo, De Santana, Hua, & Safons, 2019;I. G. Fatouros et al, 2005;Ioannis G. Fatouros et al, 2006;Harris, DeBeliso, Adams, Irmischer, & Gibson, 2007;Henwood & Taaffe, 2008;Herrero, San Juan, Fleck, Foster, & Lucia, 2007;Kalapotharakos, Smilios, Parlavatzas, & Tokmakidis, 2007;Toraman, 2005;Toraman & Ayceman, 2005). A modalidade treinada e a duração do DT são fatores que podem justificar os efeitos de queda na capacidade funcional de idosos.…”

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Destreinamento de curto e longo prazo na capacidade funcional de idosas submetidas a um programa de treinamento resistido – Estudo Piloto / Short- and long-term training on the functional capability of aged women subjected to a resisting training program - Pilot Study

Santana¹,

Mota²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade funcional de idosas treinadas após períodos de destreinamento de seis e 16 semanas. 42 idosas praticantes de um programa de treinamento resistido foram acompanhadas antes e depois de diferentes períodos de destreinamento, por meio de testes de capacidade funcional. O programa de treinamento resistido progressivo foi executado 2x/semana (aderência ≥ 85%), teve duração de 12 semanas e consistiu de sete exercícios para grandes grupos musculares (supino reto, puxada ou remada, cadeira extensora e leg press 45°, cadeira flexora, flexão plantar em pé e exercícios para o abdômen e lombar). Cada fase de treinamento teve duração de quatro semanas, sendo que a fase um consistiu de um período de familiarização e adaptação ao treinamento de força com 2 séries, 10-15 reps, PSE 5-6, seguida da fase dois, com 2 séries, 8-12 reps, PSE 7-8 e, por fim, a fase três com 3 séries, 8-12 reps, PSE 7-8, sempre respeitado 1 minuto de recuperação entre as séries e exercícios. Toda análise descritiva foi apresentada por média e desvio-padrão e a estatística inferencial foi realizada pelo Teste de Wilcoxon. O nível de significância adotado foi p ≤ 0,05. Em geral, os períodos de destreinamento, tanto curto quanto longo, não foram suficientes para induzir efeitos deletérios no desempenho funcional. Não houve nenhuma diferença significativa no desempenho dos testes funcionais avaliados durante os períodos de destreinamento de 6 e 16 semanas, exceto na agilidade de 6 semanas de destreinamento (p = 0,035). Estes resultados reforçam a importância da participação dos idosos em programas planejados e progressivos de treinamento resistido para a manutenção da funcionalidade física durante períodos de interrupção, muito frequentes nesta população.Palavras-chave: destreinamento, idoso, treinamento de força.

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“…Carvalho et al (2007), in their study with 57 participants with an average age of 68, reported that the majority of the gains at the end of the 8-month exercise program were lost at the end of the 3-month detraining season. Harris et al (2007), in their study with 61 participants with a mean age of 71 years, found that at the end of the 18-week exercise program strength and endurance capacity increased significantly, but due to the detraining at the end of the 6th and 20th weeks, the training effects decreased. Oliveira et al (2017), study of 51 women with an average age of 68 at the end of their research found the results of 9 months of water and water exercises showed a fall in blood pressure and increased strength, endurance and agility values, 3-year detraining season again reported that the end of the old values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Importance of Sport in Aging Process

Göksu¹,

Yüksek²,

Ayan³

et al. 2019

JETS

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The goal of the current study is to investigate the effects of past and current participation in sport and exercise on physical fitness levels of the elderly.In the current study, the participants were 849 males over the age of 60 who do daily life activities independently and do not have any serious health problems. Participants in the study were divided into 4 groups; those who did sports in their youth and now; (YYOY), those who did sports in theır youth, but now don’t do it now; (YYON), those who didn’t do sports in their youth but now do; (YNOY), and those who have never done any sports; (YNON). A personal information form was used for determine their relationships with sport earlier in life and and now. The protocol of Senior Fitness Test (SFT) consisting of 6 different stations was used to determine of physical fitness levels of participants. The One Way Anova and LSD test was used to analyse variables of differences between groups according to participation in sport early in life and now and the threshold for significance level was 0.05.There was statistically significant differences between physical fitness parameters of the groups “those who did sports in their younth, but now don't" (YYON) and ““Those who didi sports in their youth and now" (YYOY), only. The groups of “those who did sports, but now don't" (YYON) and “have never done sports" (YNON) have the lowest physical fitness levels (p<0,05).Physıcal exercise in terms of sports and exercises have positive effects on physical fitness levels but if the sport is not a life style, physical fitness levels from the exercise will be lost over time. Starting from this point of view, the expression “It doesn't matter what you did yesterday, what you’re doing today matters" is extremely important in relation to exercise and sport.

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Detraining in the Older Adult

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle

Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle

Destreinamento de curto e longo prazo na capacidade funcional de idosas submetidas a um programa de treinamento resistido – Estudo Piloto / Short- and long-term training on the functional capability of aged women subjected to a resisting training program - Pilot Study

The Importance of Sport in Aging Process

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