Detoxifying effect of fermented black ginseng on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

Abstract

Abstract. Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is prepared by repeated steaming and drying processes with fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has recently been shown to have several bioactivities. FBG contains crude saponin (1,440 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rg2 (2.86 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rg3 (24.52 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rh1 (12.64 µg/ml), ginsenoside Rh2 (0.63 µg/ml) and ginsenoside Rf (1.32 µg/ml). The present study investigated the antioxidant defense properties of FBG against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-mediated oxidative stress in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H 2 O 2 was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner when the cells were pre-treated with FBG (10-50 µg/ml). FBG induced both the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the H 2 O 2 -treated HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effects of FBG on the phosphorylation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 were also observed. Overall, our results demonstrate that FBG protects HepG2 cells from oxidative stress through the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity and the inhibition of MAPK pathways.

Preventive effect of fermented black ginseng against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

“…Many studies have been conducted to develop novel methods for enhancing the biological effects of ginseng by conversion of the saponins via high-temperature or high-pressure thermal processing [22], [36], [37]. FBG is prepared by repeated steaming and drying processes with fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with S. cerevisiae .…”

“…FBG was prepared using a recently reported method [22]. In brief, BG was manufactured via nine cycles of repeated steaming of ginseng at 85°C for 8 h. Then, BG extract was fermented with S. cerevisiae (Lallemand, Birkerod, Denmark) at 34°C for 25 h.…”

“…This steaming and drying process is repeated nine times. This process turns white ginseng to BG [22]. Fermentation is known as a useful method to increase safety and efficacy [23].…”

“…In addition, based on a large number of scientific studies, ginseng is known to have a wide range of pharmacological and physiological properties such as anti-inflammation, immunoenhancement, antistress, and antitumor activities [24], [25], [26], [27]. For the preparation of fermented black ginseng (FBG), BG is ground and extracted with distilled water at 80°C for 72 h. Subsequently, this water extract is fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 35°C for 24 h [22]. Although the efficacy of FBG is poorly understood, augmentation of antioxidant activity and its beneficial effect on vascular dementia have recently been reported [28], [29].…”

Effects of Red or Black Ginseng Extract in a Rat Model of Inflammatory Temporomandibular Joint Pain

“…Rh2가 있으며, PPT계는 Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rf, Rh1, F1으로 분 류되며 3) , in vitro 연구에서 Rh1은 활성산소를 억제하는 항 산화작용을 한다고 보고되었고 [4][5][6] , Rb2는 암독소 호르몬에 대한 길항작용이 있다고 보고되었다 7,8) . Fig.…”