Detoxification of Toxic Phorbol Esters from Malaysian  Jatropha curcas Linn. Kernel by Trichoderma spp. and Endophytic Fungi

Najjar, Azhar; Abdullah, Nik Rosli; Saad, Wan Zuhainis; Ahmad, Sadeem; Oskoueian, Ehsan; Abas, Faridah; Gherbawy, Youssuf A.

doi:10.3390/ijms15022274

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Molecular analysis of fungal rDNA sequences provides a powerful technique for assessing fungal diversity at the genus level. Most fungal isolates described in this study belong to Ascomycota (58.54%), Deuteromycota (39.27%), and Zygomycota (1.45%), confirming the previous reports by Huang et al ( 10 ) and other reports on the fungal endophytes of T. nilotica , A. fragranti ssima, and Artemisia plants from various locations ( 9 , 28 ). The ITS sequences of the isolated species submitted to EMBL-EBI were compared with the previously deposited sequences using BLAST.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi From Medicinal Plants in Saudi Arabia

Gashgari

Gherbawy

Ameen

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background:Endophytic fungi, which have been reported in numerous plant species, are important components of the forest community and contribute significantly to the diversity of natural ecosystems.Objectives:The current study aimed to evaluate and characterize, at the molecular level, the diversity and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods:Fungi growing on plant segments were isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The isolates were grouped into 35 distinct operational taxonomic units, based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions in the rRNA gene. The colonization frequency and the dominant fungi percentage of these endophytic fungi were calculated. A dual culture technique was adopted to investigate the antifungal activity of these endophytes.Results:Tamarix nilotica showed the highest endophytic diversity with a relative frequency of 27.27%, followed by Cressa cretica with a relative frequency of 19.27%. The most frequently isolated species was Penicillium chrysogenum with an overall colonization rate of 98.57%. Seven out of 35 endophytic fungi exhibited strong antifungal activity to all plant fungal pathogens tested. P. chrysogenum, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. nygamai exhibited the highest inhibition against the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aspergillus sydowii, P. chrysogenum, and Eupenicillium crustaceum showed strong antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis.Conclusions:The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic microorganisms could be exploited in biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi From Medicinal Plants in Saudi Arabia

Gashgari

Gherbawy

Ameen

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…The corresponding up-regulated transcripts are annotated as lipases ( n = 10; LIP), which mediate lipid digestion in insects, including Lepidoptera [ 51 ]. Lipases and carboxylesterases [ 18 ] (CESs: 3 transcripts up-regulated) play a role in TPA detoxification by fungi [ 52 , 53 ], since the TPA structure has fatty acid moieties esterified to the hydroxyl group of the phorbol diterpene ground structure [ 54 ]. Among molecular functions, GO terms referring to serine hydrolase and peptidase activity were prominent and enriched among up-regulated transcripts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth transcriptome reveals strong expression of phorbol ester detoxification and seasonal cold hardiness genes

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe European spurge hawkmoth, Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), has been intensively studied as a model organism for insect chemical ecology, cold hardiness and evolution of species delineation. To understand species isolation mechanisms at a molecular level, this study aims at determining genetic factors underlying two adaptive ecological trait candidates, phorbol ester (TPA) detoxification and seasonal cold acclimation.MethodA draft transcriptome of H. euphorbiae was generated using Illumina sequencing, providing the first genomic resource for the hawkmoth subfamily Macroglossinae. RNA expression levels in tissues of experimental TPA feeding larvae and cooled pupae was compared to levels in control larvae and pupae using 26 bp RNA sequence tag libraries (DeepSuperSAGE). Differential gene expression was assessed by homology searches of the tags in the transcriptome.ResultsIn total, 389 and 605 differentially expressed transcripts for detoxification and cold hardiness, respectively, could be identified and annotated with proteins. The majority (22 of 28) of differentially expressed detox transcripts of the four ‘drug metabolism’ enzyme groups (cytochrome P450 (CYP), carboxylesterases (CES), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and lipases) are up-regulated. Triacylglycerol lipase was significantly over proportionally annotated among up-regulated detox transcripts. We record several up-regulated lipases, GSTe2, two CESs, CYP9A21, CYP6BD6 and CYP9A17 as candidate genes for further H. euphorbiae TPA detoxification analyses. Differential gene expression of the cold acclimation treatment is marked by metabolic depression with enriched Gene Ontology terms among down-regulated transcripts almost exclusively comprising metabolism, aerobic respiration and dissimilative functions. Down-regulated transcripts include energy expensive respiratory proteins like NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase. Gene expression patterns show shifts in carbohydrate metabolism towards cryoprotectant production. The Glycolysis enzymes, G1Pase, A1e, Gpi and an Akr isoform are up-regulated. Glycerol, an osmolyte which lowers the body liquid supercooling point, appears to be the predominant polyol cryoprotectant in H. euphorbiae diapause pupae. Several protein candidates involved in glucose, glycerol, myo-inositol and potentially sorbitol and trehalose synthesis were identified. ConclusionsA majority of differently expressed transcripts unique for either detoxification or cold hardiness indicates highly specialized functional adaptation which may have evolved from general cell metabolism and stress response.The transcriptome and extracted candidate biomarkers provide a basis for further gene expression studies of physiological processes and adaptive traits in H. euphorbiae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-018-0252-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Seven endophytic fungal strains were able to degrade the PEs in JSC, from 88·9 to 99·7% within 30 days of incubation (Najjar et al . ). Streptomyces fimicarius YUCM 310038 was also able to eliminate the total toxicity of JSC by >97% by solid‐state fermentation (Wang et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detoxification ofJatropha curcasseed cake by a new soil-borneEnterobacter cloacaestrain

Zhao

Wang

Liu

2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The strain of Enterobacter cloacae Z11 was originally isolated from the soil. To the best of our knowledge, E. cloacae has never been used to remove toxins and antinutritional factors in Jatropha curcas seed cake (JSC). Under the optimized condition, fermentation with the Enterobacter strain decreased the phorbol esters content in JSC by 51·6%, and phytates, tannins, lectins and trypsin inhibitors contents by 83, 38, 89 and 90%, respectively. This study provided a new method with potential to render the seed cake suitable for use in feed. Further study is needed to focus on remaining toxicity and nutritional value post-treatment.

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Detoxification of Toxic Phorbol Esters from Malaysian Jatropha curcas Linn. Kernel by Trichoderma spp. and Endophytic Fungi

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi From Medicinal Plants in Saudi Arabia

Molecular Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi From Medicinal Plants in Saudi Arabia

Functional characterization of the Hyles euphorbiae hawkmoth transcriptome reveals strong expression of phorbol ester detoxification and seasonal cold hardiness genes

Detoxification ofJatropha curcasseed cake by a new soil-borneEnterobacter cloacaestrain

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