Detoxification of &lt;em&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/em&gt; oil by ultraviolet irradiation combined with ethanol washing

Xiao, Jh.; Mao, Xiangjunzhi; Zhang, H.; Niu, Liya

doi:10.3989/gya.0723142

Grasas y Aceites

2015

DOI: 10.3989/gya.0723142

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Detoxification of Jatropha curcas oil by ultraviolet irradiation combined with ethanol washing

Jh. Xiao¹,

Xiangjunzhi Mao²,

H. Zhang³

et al.

Abstract: SUMMARY:Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) is non-edible due to the content of phorbolesters (PEs) which are very toxic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of JCO, treated by ultraviolet irradiation combined with ethanol washing, as an edible oil. The results showed that PEs can be significantly decreased by 100% (p<0.05), but the treatments produced no significant changes (p<0.05) in the fatty acids composition (FAC) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the detoxified Jatropha curcas oil (DJCO). In addition… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua‐feed

Ghosh¹,

Bitra²,

Smith³

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Jatropha is an oilseed crop with high kernel oil (55–58%) and protein (26–29%) contents, which makes it a good source of biodiesel and animal/aqua‐feed. However, the presence of anti‐nutritional toxins, such as phorbol esters, lectins, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, and saponins, restricts its use as feed. This paper describes chemical, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and biological treatments for detoxification of jatropha kernel meal. Raw, defatted, and one‐time and two‐times mechanically expressed oil samples were analyzed for toxins. Chemical treatment involved heating with 90% methanol and 4% sodium hydroxide. UV treatment was carried out at UV light intensity of 53.4 mW cm−2 for 30 min. For biological treatment, cell‐free extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain PAO1) was mixed with kernel meal for detoxification. RESULTS Among treatments, chemical treatment was most effective in reducing all toxins, with phorbol esters in the range 0.034–0.052 mg g−1, lectin 0.082–10.766 mg g−1, trypsin inhibitor 10.499–11.350 mg g−1, phytate 2.475–5.769 mg g−1, and saponins 0.044–0.098 mg g−1. Biological treatment reduced all toxins except phytate, whereas UV treatment could not reduce any of toxins and, hence, cannot be used for aqua‐feed preparation. Pellets prepared from chemically detoxified kernel meal with the least oil content (defatted) resulted in the highest strength (70.93 N). CONCLUSION Chemically treated jatropha kernel meal can be used for aqua‐feed pellet preparation because of its low toxin content. The highest compressive strength was obtained for pellets with the least oil content (defatted). Biological treatment time must have been extended for many hours instead of 24 h. Jatropha kernel meal treated chemically can be recommended for aqua‐feed manufacturing. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua‐feed

Ghosh¹,

Bitra²,

Smith³

et al. 2021

J Sci Food Agric

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Review on Phorbol Ester Degradation of Jatropha Seed Cake for Its Use as Animal Feed

Ahluwalia

Bidlan

Sharma

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Jatropha curcas is an oil-seed plant with good adaptability to grow in unfavourable conditions like infertile soil with scanty rainfall. It had been exploited for the extraction of oil for bio-diesel. The compressed seed cake, after the oil extraction, is a rich source of protein with certain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. The major toxins in the seed cake are phorbol esters and trypsin inhibitors that lead to various health problems if ingested. Even though the application of the various extracts carries a lot of beneficial advantages, yet the toxicity in oil and the compressed cake does not allow the by-products and the oil to be used elsewhere. Various physicochemical and biological methods have been described for the detoxification of Jatropha seed cake and oil of which the chemical extraction with methanol and ethanol have shown promising results in reducing the toxin contents by 97-100% while UV-irradiation reduced the phorbol esters completely. Submerged fermentation by Bacillus sp. achieved complete detoxification of phorbol esters within a week. A new strain was found to degrade the phorbol esters to phorbol, myristic acid and acetic acid within 12 h of incubation in submerged fermentation process. The detoxified products, in future, can be used as animal feed and food supplement to help utilize the by-products as a healthy diet.

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Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed

de Barros,

Ferreira,

Fraga

et al. 2024

Fermentation

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Jatropha seed cake (JSC) derived from Jatropha curcas seeds is a by-product of biodiesel production and, due to its high protein content, has been considered as a potential animal feed ingredient. However, the presence of toxic compounds such as phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional factors limits its use in animal feeding. Several detoxification approaches have been used to tackle these constraints and this review aims to summarize the recent advances in JSC treatment aiming to enhance its potential as an animal feedstuff. The review first provides an overview of the structure and composition of phorbol esters and other anti-nutritional compounds, discussing its toxic effects on different animal species. It then explores several detoxification methodologies giving special emphasis to its effects on the nutritional composition of JSC and on the use of the treated substrate as a feed ingredient in fish, poultry, pigs, and ruminants, highlighting their growth performance, nutrient utilization, and animal health issues. Overall, the review concludes that these treatments hold great potential for the detoxification and utilization of JSC as an animal feed ingredient. However, further research is needed to optimize the treatment conditions, evaluate the economic feasibility, and assess the long-term effects of treated JSC on animal health and product quality.

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Detoxification of <em>Jatropha curcas</em> oil by ultraviolet irradiation combined with ethanol washing

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua‐feed

Detoxification of jatropha kernel meal to utilize it as aqua‐feed

Review on Phorbol Ester Degradation of Jatropha Seed Cake for Its Use as Animal Feed

Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed

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