Detoxification of Formaldehyde by the Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum L.) and by Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cell-Suspension Cultures

Giese, Martina; Bauer-Doranth, U.; Langebartels, Christian; Sandermann, Heinrich

doi:10.1104/pp.104.4.1301

Cited by 167 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It has been claimed repeatedly (Wolverton et al, 1984(Wolverton et al, , 1989) that the spider plant in particular has outstanding potential for the detoxification of FA-polluted air. Giese et al (1994) recently published a study on the characterization of the FDH of this species. The standard FDH assay does not discriminate between GSH-dependent and GSH-independent FDH (Uotila & Koivusalo, 1979, 1983.…”

Section: Enzymes Related To Formaldehyde Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two enzymes make up the enzyme ' outfit ' of a two-step oxidation of FA to CO # (Uotila & Koivusalo, 1979) which is considered a major pathway of FA metabolism in plants (Krall & Tolbert, 1957 ;Doman & Romanova, 1963 ;Koivusalo et al, 1989, Giese et al, 1994. If indeed CO # is an intermediate of FA breakdown, supposedly the "%CO # moiety derived from "%C-FA is channelled into intermediary metabolism via the Calvin cycle.…”

Section: Formaldehyde (Fa) Is a Minor Component Of ' Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If indeed "%CO # is the main intermediate of FA metabolization (Koivusalo et al, 1989, Giese et al, 1994 and is destined to be re-assimilated in the light through the Calvin cycle, then why is acid-stable hydrophilic "%C label found in the dark ? One possible explanation is that light-independent CO # fixation via carboxylation of PEP is taking place.…”

Section: Formaldehyde Uptake and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1989 ; Giese et al, 1994), two aspects must be taken into account : first, the routes of FA metabolism and translocation ; and second, the rates of FA uptake and metabolic conversion.…”

Section: Formaldehyde (Fa) Is a Minor Component Of ' Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to assess the activities of FDH and FTDH, crude enzyme extracts were prepared according to Giese et al (1994) as modified by Schmitz (1995). Plant material (10-30 g f. wt) was powdered in liquid N. All subsequent operations were carried out at 0-4mC.…”

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assimilation and metabolism of formaldehyde by leaves appear unlikely to be of value for indoor air purification

2000

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Uptake, translocation and metabolism of "%C-labelled formaldehyde in the leaves of Epipremnum aureum (Golden Potho) and Ficus benjamina (Weeping Fig) were investigated. Plants were exposed in light and dark to "%C-formaldehyde (500 µg m −$ ) in gas exposure chambers. The amount of "%C-incorporation into the soluble (waterextractable) and insoluble fractions of leaves, stem sections and roots was determined. The soluble "%C-activity was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography followed by thin-layer chromatography\autoradiography. Approximately 60-70% of the applied "%C-formaldehyde was recovered from the plants. In the light about five times more "%C-formaldehyde was assimilated than in the dark. The amount of "%C-label derived from "%C-formaldehyde, which was incorporated into acid-stable metabolites, was enhanced to an even larger extent in the light. The "%C-activity pattern closely resembled the general labelling spectrum of photosynthates, obtained after a "%CO # exposure. A substantial amount of labelled material, mostly sucrose, was translocated into the stems and roots. Our results suggest that in the light "%C enters the Calvin cycle after an enzymatic two-step oxidation process of "%C-formaldehyde to "%CO # . The activities of the respective enzymes, formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase, were determined. Among 27 ' leafy ' indoor decorative plants, a screening experiment revealed no outstanding species with regard to its capacity for metabolism of formaldehyde, and rate of uptake through stomata was too low to justify claims that plants contribute usefully to indoor air purification.

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Section: Enzymes Related To Formaldehyde Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formaldehyde (Fa) Is a Minor Component Of ' Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formaldehyde Uptake and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1989 ; Giese et al, 1994), two aspects must be taken into account : first, the routes of FA metabolism and translocation ; and second, the rates of FA uptake and metabolic conversion.…”

Section: Formaldehyde (Fa) Is a Minor Component Of ' Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assimilation and metabolism of formaldehyde by leaves appear unlikely to be of value for indoor air purification

2000

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Genes and Enzymes for In-Planta Phytoremediation of Air, Water and Soil

Schäffner¹,

Messner²,

Langebartels³

et al. 2002

Acta Biotechnol.

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SummaryPlants harbour highly versatile enzymatic machineries to attack and detoxify pollutants. Similarities to the mammalian detoxification led to the coining of the term "green liver" for plant xenobiotic metabolism. Important enzyme classes such as cytochrome P450 monoxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, glycosyltransferases and transporters are involved in both kingdoms. The availability of the first whole plant genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed an unforeseen complexity of these enzyme classes. Genetic and biochemical diversity, by far exceeding at least single microorganisms, seems to exist in plants. In agreement with previous investigations at the enzymatic level both terrestrial and aquatic plants possess an enormous potential for phytoremediation of soil, water and air if limitations due to insufficient uptake into plants can be overcome. This is exemplified by the detoxification of herbicides, halogenated phenols and anilines, and formaldehyde by the action of plant enzymes. Two examples are discussed at the biochemical and genetic level. Plants can detoxify airborne formaldehyde by a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Recombinant expression of an Arabidopsis UDP-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase showed activity towards both endogenous and xenobiotic substrates by a single enzyme. Plants frequently do not completely degrade xenobiotics, but rather form conjugated metabolites and "bound" residues. However, these potential contaminants can be easily removed by harvesting. In order to exploit this enormous potential of plants, promising approaches extending their endogenous capacity have been initiated. Transgenic organisms that express heterologous enzymes in order to specifically degrade compounds or to increase the mobility and uptake of recalcitrant xenobiotics are being pursued to make phytoremediation procedures useful in practice.

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