Detoxification of 2,4-D by Several Plant Species

Dexter, A. G.; Slife, F. W.; Butler, H. S.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500051146

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Out of these rainfalls, a total rainfall within 1 wk after dicamba application was 21 mm (in 2016) and 17 mm (in 2017) for V2 application timing at both irrigated and dryland sites, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesize that an increased amount of water—46 mm (4 mm of rainfall plus 42 mm from irrigation) within 5 d after dicamba application at the irrigated site (in 2017)—could have promoted a quicker detoxification of low rates of dicamba, and allow early recovery from injury in plants, as previously suggested by Dexter and Slife (1971) and Robinson et al (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean Response to Micro‐Rates of Three Dicamba‐Based Herbicides

Osipitan

Scott

Knežević

2019

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Core Ideas The impact of simulated dicamba drift on growth and yield of glyphosate‐resistant soybean was similar among dicamba formulations. The impact of dicamba drift on soybean could be influenced by moisture condition of the environmental field. Late vegetative or early flowering stage of soybean was the most sensitive growth stage to dicamba drift. New dicamba‐based herbicides such as Engenia (N,N‐bis‐(3‐aminopropyl) methylamine salt) and XtendiMax (diglycolamine salt) with VaporGrip technology were developed to reduce dicamba volatility and drift; however, there are claims that these products can still volatilize or drift. Field studies were conducted to evaluate glyphosate (N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine))–resistant (GR) soybean response to micro‐rates (0, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/100, 1/50, and 1/10 of the label rate, 560 g a.e. ha−1) of the two new dicamba products compared with Clarity (diglycolamine salt) applied at three growth stages. The GR soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was equally impacted by the micro‐rates of all three products as measured by visual injury, height reduction, delayed physiological maturity, and yield reduction. The greatest visual injury (80%), plant height reduction (65%), maturity delay (22 d), and soybean yield loss (96%) was caused by 1/10 of the dicamba label rate when applied at V7/R1 soybean growth stage. In addition, estimation of effective dose for 5, 10, or 20% yield reduction suggested that V7/R1 was the most sensitive soybean growth stage to the three dicamba products. For example, 10% yield reduction occurred when 1.83 to 1.85 g a.e. ha−1 (∼1/300 of the label rate) of Engenia was applied at V2 or R2, whereas, a lower dose of 0.32 g a.e. ha−1 (1/1750 of the label rate) of Engenia caused the same level of yield reduction when applied at V7/R1. Similar doses were estimated for Clarity and XtendiMax; therefore dicamba drift should be avoided at all costs, because GR soybean was equally sensitive to low rates of all three tested products with different formulations or technologies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean Response to Micro‐Rates of Three Dicamba‐Based Herbicides

Osipitan

Scott

Knežević

2019

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…Drought stress to soybean plants could have inhibited the ability of soybean to detoxify or sequester dicamba, allowing it to stay active in the plant for a longer period of time, while the concomitant stress of drought could have increased abortion of flowers and pods. Many plants exude auxin herbicides through their roots (Dexter et al 1971;Lingle and Suttle 1985;Robocker 1976); however, water stress can lead to reduced translocation, which may allow auxin herbicides to remain active longer in the plant. The severity of drought stress varies by the time and duration during soybean reproductive development (Kokubun and Takahashi 2001;Sionit and Paul 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Yield Components to Dicamba Exposure

Robinson

Simpson²,

Johnson

2013

Weed sci.

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Exposure of soybean to dicamba can result in leaf malformation and sometimes yield loss, but it is unclear how yield components are affected by exposure to low quantities of this herbicide. The objectives were to characterize soybean injury and quantify changes in seed yield and yield components of soybean plants exposed to dicamba, and determine if seed yield loss can be estimated from visual injury ratings. Nine dicamba rates (0, 0.06, 0.23, 0.57, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5, 9.1, and 22.7 g ae ha−1) were applied at three growth stages (V2 – two trifoliates, V5-five trifoliates, or R2-full flowering soybean) to Beck's brand ‘342NRR’ soybean planted near Lafayette, IN, in 2009 and 2010 and near Fowler, IN, in 2009. Visually estimated soybean injury of 20% at the V2, V5, or R2 timing was 0.676 to 0.937 g ha−1dicamba at 14 d after treatment (DAT) and 0.359 to 1.37 g ha−1dicamba at 28 DAT. Seed yield was reduced by 5% from 0.042 to 0.528 g ha−1dicamba and a 10% reduction was caused by 0.169 to 1.1 g ha−1dicamba. The number of seeds m−2, pods m−2, reproductive nodes m−2, and nodes m−2were the most sensitive yield components. Path analysis indicated that dicamba reduced seeds m−2, pods m−2, reproductive nodes m−2, and nodes m−2which were the main causes of seed yield loss from dicamba exposure. The correlation of seed yield loss and visual soybean injury was significant (P < 0.0001) for both the V2 treatment timing (R2= 0.92) and the V5 and R2 treatment timings (R2= 0.91). Early-season injury rating of 8% at the V2 treatment and 2% at the V5 or R2 treatments caused 10% or more yield loss.

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“…This tolerance could result from the absence of auxin‐sensitive tissues around the phloem in monocotyledons, or from a reduced translocation rate 6. However, selectivity does not only result from differences in uptake or translocation, as similar levels of herbicide accumulation can be found in tolerant and susceptible species 7. Distinct metabolisation and detoxification pathways of the herbicide might contribute to its selective action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and distinct gene expression patterns induced by the herbicides 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, cinidon‐ethyl and tribenuron‐methyl in wheat

Pasquer

Ochsner

Zarn

et al. 2006

Pest Management Science

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In wheat, herbicides are used to control weeds. Little is known about the changes induced in the metabolism of tolerant plants after herbicide treatment. The impact of three herbicides [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), cinidon-ethyl and tribenuron-methyl] on the wheat transcriptome was studied using cDNA microarrays. Gene expression of plants grown in a controlled environment or in the field was studied between 24 h and 2 weeks after treatment. Under controlled conditions, 2,4-D induced genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway soon after treatment. Cinidon-ethyl triggered peroxidase and defence-related gene expression under controlled conditions, probably because reactive oxygen species are released by photo-oxidation of protoporphyrin-IX. The same genes were upregulated in the field as under controlled conditions, albeit at a weaker level. These results show that cinidon-ethyl specifically induces genes involved in plant defence. Under controlled conditions, tribenuron-methyl did not change the expression profile immediately after treatment, but defence-related genes were upregulated after 1 week. Sulfonylurea compounds such as tribenuron-methyl specifically inhibit acetolactate synthase and are rapidly detoxified, but the activity of some of the resulting metabolites could explain later changes in gene expression. Finally, overexpression of the isopropylmalate synthase gene, involved in branched-chain amino acid synthesis, and of defence-related genes was observed in the field after sulfonylurea treatment.

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Detoxification of 2,4-D by Several Plant Species

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean Response to Micro‐Rates of Three Dicamba‐Based Herbicides

Glyphosate‐Resistant Soybean Response to Micro‐Rates of Three Dicamba‐Based Herbicides

Response of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Yield Components to Dicamba Exposure

Common and distinct gene expression patterns induced by the herbicides 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, cinidon‐ethyl and tribenuron‐methyl in wheat

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