Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes

Abstract

Mycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.

Exposure assessment and cancer risk characterization of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) through ingestion of raw cow milk in southern Ghana

“…However, it has the ability to withstand numerous ordinary methods of food treatment such as cooking, sterilization, and freezing, hence its appearance in milk and dairy products [83] . Novel methods for minimizing the occurrence of AFM 1 in milk by engaging yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microbial extracts as well as lactic acid fermentation to ferment a variety of traditional foods have shown aptitude for aflatoxin degradation, nevertheless are yet to be completely discovered [27] , [53] , [71] .…”

Advanced mycotoxin control and decontamination techniques in view of an increased aflatoxin risk in Europe due to climate change

“…Microorganisms can reduce mycotoxin contamination by two different mechanisms, namely adsorption to cell wall, as discussed in Section “Atoxigenic Aspergillus strains,” and biotransformation. Biotransformation of AFs can be performed by different genera of filamentous fungi ( Pleurotus , Armillariella , Armoracia , Trametes , Rhizopus , Trichoderma , Clonostachys , Cladosporium , Aspergillus ), yeasts ( Saccharomyces , Pichia , Candida , Kluyveromyces , Yarrowia , Rhodotorula , Rhodosporidium ), and bacteria ( Bacillus , Metschnikowia , Komagataella , Streptomyces , Rhodococcus , Pseudomonas , Pediococcus , Lactiplantibacillus , Lactiplantibacillus , Enterobacter , Cupriavidus , Brevibacterium ) ( Piotrowska, 2021 ; Nahle et al, 2022 ).…”

Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia

“…In several recent investigations, new information about mycotoxin destructors, some of which are facultative anaerobes, was published [ 104 , 105 ]. However, not all cells from the published list can be included in consortia.…”