Detonation of Gas-Particle Flow

Zhang, Fan

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88447-7_2

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In general, the solid-particle-gas-flow ZND structure has several significant differences from a ZND structure for homogeneous gas detonation [33]. First, the shock-front pressure (i.e., the von Neumann spike) in a gaseous detonation corresponds to the maximum pressure, whereas the maximum pressure for a reactive particles-oxidizing gas detonation wave may be found behind the shock front at a point at which the combustion expansion balances the drag compression (see Fig.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid reaction model is implemented in the Chinook code (Martec, Ltd.), a second-order unsteady Eulerian multiphase fluid dynamics code for which the governing equations can be found in [32,33] and are described in the Appendix. In the multiphase fluid dynamics model, the solid phase and gas phase have been treated as two separate flows (different velocity and temperature) and their mass, momentum, and energy are exchanged through the source terms.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the control volume analysis, the one-dimensional conservation equations can be derived as listed next in the laboratory coordinate frame [32,33].…”

Section: Appendix: Two-phase Fluid Dynamics Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Zhang

Gerrard

Ripley

2009

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Both in-tube and unconfined experimental evidence showed strong dependence of micrometric aluminum-air detonability on initial pressure and highly nonlinear behavior of abrupt deflagration-to-detonation transition, thus indicating dependence of the aluminum reaction mechanism of the detonation waves on chemical kinetics. On the other hand, the observed aluminum-air detonation manifested itself in a weak transverse wave structure, as revealed by the small-amplitude oscillation that rapidly degenerates behind the shock front in the pressure histories. This suggests a functional dependence that is weaker than the nonlinear Arrhenius kinetic behavior for the later aluminum combustion. Hence, a surface kinetic oxidation and diffusion hybrid reaction model with a degree of condensed detonation products was suggested, and the unsteady two-phase fluid dynamics modeling showed the success of the hybrid reaction model, capable of capturing both the kinetics-limited transient processes of detonation initiation, abrupt deflagration-to-detonation transition and detonation instability, and the diffusion-limited combustion of aluminum in the long reaction zone, supporting the weak transverse wave structure.Nomenclature a e = equilibrium sound speed, m=s a g = phase-frozen sound speed, m=s C = mole concentration, mol=m 3 C D = drag coefficient D = detonation velocity, m=s D g = gas-phase diffusivity, m 2 =s d p = particle diameter, m E = activation energy, J=mol e = specific internal energy, J=kg f p = rate of momentum transfer between the solid and the gas phase, N=m 3 J p = rate of mass transfer between the particles and the gas phase, kg=m 3 s K = diffusion reaction coefficient, s=m 2 k = mass depletion flux, kg=m 2 s k d = rate coefficient of diffusion reaction, kg m=mol s k s = rate coefficient of kinetic reaction, kg m=mol s k 0 = kinetic reaction coefficient, kg m=mol s L b = latent heats of evaporation, J=mol L m = latent heats of melting, J=mol Nu = Nusselt number n p = particle number density, 1=m 3 Pr = gas-phase Prandtl number p = pressure, N=m 2 Q p = rate of heat transfer between the particles and the gas phase, J=m 3 s q p = heat release of particles, J=kg R = universal gas constant, J=mol K Re = two-phase Reynolds number r p = particle radius, m T = temperature, K T ign = particle ignition temperature, K t b = particle burning time, s u = flow velocity, m=s W = molecular weight, g=mol w = species reaction rate, kg=m 3 s x = distance in the shock-propagation direction, m Y = mass fraction of species g = thermal conductivity of the gas phase, W=m K = stoichiometric coefficient = material density, kg=m 3 = partial density or mass concentration, kg=m 3 = volume fraction p = rate of particle number production, 1=m 3 s Subscripts g = gas-phase index oxi = index for oxidizing gases p = particle-phase index s = index for particle surface 0 = initial state

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Zhang

Gerrard

Ripley

2009

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…As the liquid volume fraction and the level of fluctuations are very low, the following laminar master equation for gaseous detonations laden with inert WD (ME 2 ) can be derived from Higgins (2012), Zhang (2009) and Lee (2008):…”

Section: Droplet Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of the mean structure of gaseous detonation with dilute water spray

et al. 2020

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“…In the followings, the typical Al-Air detonation problems with different particle size distributions, taking as an example, are simulated by the above numerical algorithm under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, to show the capacities of the CESE method in solving polydisperse two-phase detonation and show the differences between monodisperse and polydisperse two-phase detonations. The single-step global chemical reaction occurs in the Al-air suspension is To model the combustion rate of every single Al particle, the surface-kineticoxidation and diffusion hybrid combustion model (originally proposed by Zhang et al [26]) can be employed. The Lagrangian form of the combustion rate of the kth Al particle is given as .31) where the reaction rates for the diffusion-controlled and kinetic-controlled combustion regime are expressed by As depicted in Fig.…”

Section: 26)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application: Detonations

Wen

Jiang

Shi

2023

Engineering Applications of Computational Methods

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Detonation is a shock-induced combustion in which chemical reactions are closely coupled with shock waves. The shock wave compresses the reactant with an abrupt increase in temperature and pressure, initiating the reactants to be burnt into products. The intense heat release permits the high propagating speed of the shock wave to be sustained. It is fundamental research related to both the safety industry and propulsion systems. For most explosive mixtures, detonation wave speeds are formulated by Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) theory. Typical detonation velocities for gaseous mixtures generally range from 1400 to 3000 m/s. Behind the shock, the time scale for reactions is commonly on the order of microseconds or even less. Furthermore, the detonation front is intrinsically unstable, forming transient multi-dimensional structures. Many studies revealed that high resolution is necessary to resolve the essential detonation structures. Due to its complex nature and multiple time scales, detonation is thus a challenging problem for solvers on shock-capturing capability, robustness, and computational efficiency. This chapter will present several essential aspects of detonation research by applying the CESE schemes.

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Detonation of Gas-Particle Flow

Cited by 22 publications

References 72 publications

Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Particle-Air Detonation

Numerical analysis of the mean structure of gaseous detonation with dilute water spray

Application: Detonations

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