Detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate and activated carbon mixtures

Miyake, Akira; Kobayashi, Hidefumi; Echigoya, Hiroshi; Kubota, Shiro; Wada, Yuji; Ogata, Yoichi; Arai, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Terushige

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2007.04.026

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Another area of charcoal use is its application for the modification of explosives, which was discussed in studies [38][39][40][41][42] . The effect of charcoal micropowders on the properties of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) was studied in 43 .…”

Section: Use Of Charcoal (Biochar) For the Modification Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Miroshnichenko,

Zhylina,

Shmeltser

2024

ChChT

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The article analyzes the use of biochar in various industries and the national economy (as a sorbent, fuel, reducing agent in the metallurgical industry, a component of coal coke blends, biocomposites, modification of explosives, fertilizers, etc.) It is noted that the direction of use depends on the quality and characteristics of biochar (size, physical properties, chemical composition), which are determined by the nature of the raw material, its chemical composition and carbonization temperature.

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Section: Use Of Charcoal (Biochar) For the Modification Of Explosivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Miroshnichenko,

Zhylina,

Shmeltser

2024

ChChT

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“…The key parameters that can influence the detonability of AN are 25 : AN content, 19,26 combustible material content, expressed in equivalent carbon, 27 the pH of an aqueous solution, 17 particle size, 28 the crystalline structure of the grain (particle) and its superficial state, 29 the bulk density of the product, 28 the degradation associated with the shift from the crystalline transition point to 32°C, 4 and degradation related to water content (moisture) 30 …”

Section: An Detonation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Baraza

Giménez

Pey³

et al. 2022

Process Safety Progress

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On March 9, 2004, a lorry transporting ammonium nitrate (AN) overturned. The load caught fire and exploded due to the self-sustaining decomposition reactions of the AN. The consequences were two deaths, five injuries, and significant material damage in the form of destruction to vehicles and the highway. This article delves into the causes of the accident through root cause analysis techniques, such as fishbone, AcciMap and events and causal factors charting, which have demonstrated that the causes were not only physicochemical but also of an organizational nature. The explosion caused a crater 18 m in diameter, which would be equivalent to one caused by 11.4 tonnes of TNT. Through the relevant models, we have established the overpressure-distance map, explaining the breakage of lorry windscreens located 100 m from the accident site, and the vibration of glass planes at a distance of some 4 km. This accident underscored the need to comply with the safety measures handed down by competent bodies: (a) avoid contamination of AN, especially with fuels; (b) prevent the AN from being exposed to heat; (c) isolate for a minimum distance of 800 m in all directions around the accident site; (d) in case of fire, flood the area from a distance and stay away from the fire.

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“…This not only reduced production costs, but also improved the blasting effect compared to the original formulation. Miyake [7] et al conducted a study on the detonation characteristics of a combination of activated carbon and AN. The findings indicated that the addition of activated carbon to powdered AN resulted in increased sensitivity and detonation velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This not only reduced production costs, but also improved the blasting effect compared to the original formulation. Miyake [7] et al. conducted a study on the detonation characteristics of a combination of activated carbon and AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition characteristics and compatibility analysis of pulverized coal‐doped ammonium nitrate fuel oil (PCANFO) explosive by microcalorimeter

Tu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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In order to study the compatibility of pulverized coal‐doped ammonium nitrate fuel oil (PCANFO) explosives and the effect of pulverized coal on the stability of ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives, the thermal decomposition characteristics of ANFO explosives and three types of PCANFO explosives containing 5, 10 and 15 wt% pulverized coal were investigated. The initial stage of their thermal decomposition reactions was analyzed using the Arrhenius equation to determine kinetic parameters, including the heat of reaction (ΔH), apparent activation energy (Ea), and pre‐exponential factor (lnA). Additionally, the compatibility of PCANFO explosive was evaluated based on standard experimental method GJB 772 A–97 502.1. According to the study, the crystal transformation time of ammonium nitrate (AN) was extended by around 75 s by the addition of pulverized coal. The thermal decomposition time of ANFO explosive decreased as the amount of pulverized coal increased. The heat of reaction for the explosive samples was measured and found to be in the order of 2282 kJ kg−1, 3302 kJ kg−1, 3243 kJ kg−1, and 3301 kJ kg−1. The addition of pulverized coal to the system resulted in decreased thermal stability and an increase in the apparent activation energy, which was measured to be in the order of 185.5 kJ mol−1, 196.2 kJ mol−1, 235.5 kJ mol−1, and 262.5 kJ mol−1. A mixture of 5 % pulverized coal and ANFO explosive received a rating of level 1, indicating high compatibility. However, mixtures containing 10 % or more pulverized coal received a rating of level 4, indicating poor compatibility.

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Detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate and activated carbon mixtures

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

Lessons learned from the Barracas accident: Ammonium nitrate explosion during road transport

Thermal decomposition characteristics and compatibility analysis of pulverized coal‐doped ammonium nitrate fuel oil (PCANFO) explosive by microcalorimeter

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