Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network

Humphreys, Peter C.; Kalb, Norbert; Morits, Jaco; Schouten, R. N.; Vermeulen, R. F. L.; Twitchen, Daniel J.; Markham, Matthew; Hanson, Ronald K.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0200-5

Cited by 453 publications

(441 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In [51], the authors defined a method for deterministic delivery of quantum entanglement on a quantum network. The results allow us to realize entanglement distribution across multiple remote quantum nodes in a quantum Internet setting.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Gyöngyösi

Imre

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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We define metrics and measures to characterize the ratio of accessible quantum entanglement for complex network failures in the quantum Internet. A complex network failure models a situation in the quantum Internet in which a set of quantum nodes and a set of entangled connections become unavailable. A complex failure can cover a quantum memory failure, a physical link failure, an eavesdropping activity, or any other random physical failure scenario. Here, we define the terms entanglement accessibility ratio, cumulative probability of entanglement accessibility ratio, probabilistic reduction of entanglement accessibility ratio, domain entanglement accessibility ratio, and occurrence coefficient. The proposed methods can be applied to an arbitrary topology quantum network to extract relevant statistics and to handle the quantum network failure scenarios in the quantum Internet. IntroductionAs quantum computers evolves significantly [1-10], there arises a fundamental need for a communication network that provides unconditionally secure communication and all the network functions of the traditional internet. This network structure is the quantum Internet [11][12][13][14][15]22]. The availability of quantum entanglement is a crucial aspect in any global-scale quantum Internet. The quantum Internet refers to a set of connected heterogeneous quantum communication networks realized by quantum nodes and channels (such as optical fibers or wireless optical quantum channels in the physical layer) [16,[59][60][61][62][63][64]. The quantum Internet also integrates a set of classical auxiliary communication channels to transmit auxiliary classical side-information between the quantum nodes. The quantum Internet is modeled as a global-scale quantum communication network composed of quantum subnetworks and networking components. The core network of the quantum Internet is assumed to be an entangled network structure [15,20,21,24,25,27,28,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47], which is a communication network in which the quantum nodes are connected by entangled connections. An entangled connection refers to a shared entangled system (i.e., a Bell state for qubit systems to connect two quantum nodes) between the quantum nodes. In an unentangled network structure, the quantum nodes are not necessarily connected by entanglement [16,78], and the communication between the nodes is realized in a point-to-point setting. This setting does not allow quantum communication over arbitrary distances, and an unentangled network structure can mostly be used for establishing a point-to-point quantum key distribution (QKD) [70,103] between the quantum nodes. These short distances can be extended to longer distances by the utilization of free-space quantum channels [15,70]. However, this solution is auxiliary, since it can be used only at some specific points of the unentangled network structure. Therefore, it does not represent an adequate and fundamental answer to the problem of long-distance quantum communication. Consequently, in an unentangl...

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Gyöngyösi

Imre

2020

Quantum Inf Process

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“…It becomes then clear how the spin ensemble mediates the interaction and we can extract the expected effective rate of the frequency conversion with the input-output formalism [29]. To obtain more quantitative prediction of the performance of our scheme, in simulations we retain the more complete Hamiltonian of equation (4) and consider experimentally demonstrated parameters.…”

Section: Redc As a Transducer Between Optical And Microwave Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When α is small, the detection of one photon heralds the creation of the maximally-entangled state of two NV ensembles. For a typical photon detection efficiency p 10 det 4 - [4], the corresponding generation rate can reach sub-kHz. As the decoherence rate of entangled NV pairs can be greatly suppressed by control techniques including dynamical decoupling and double quantum driving [50], deterministic generation of entanglement might be feasible with our proposed interface [4].…”

Section: Entanglement Generation Between Tele-photon and Nv Spin Ensementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave and optical interfaces have provided the NV system with a flexible toolset of control knobs, as required in many emerging technologies. This has enabled a recent demonstration of deterministic entanglement generation between two NV centers in diamond [4] with an entanglement rate of about 40 Hz. Despite these successes, NV centers present some shortcomings for quantum communication applications: the NV spin has a zero phonon line (ZPL) at 637 nm and it only corresponds to 3% of the total emission.The propagation loss in optical fibers at this wavelength (8 dB/km) is much larger compared with telecommunication ranges (less than 0.2 dB/km).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Telecom photon interface of solid-state quantum nodes

Cappellaro

2019

J. Phys. Commun.

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Solid-state spins such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are promising platforms for large-scale quantum networks. Despite the optical interface of NV center system, however, the significant attenuation of its zero-phonon-line photon in optical fiber prevents the network extended to long distances. Therefore a telecom-wavelength photon interface would be essential to reduce the photon loss in transporting quantum information. Here we propose an efficient scheme for coupling telecom photon to NV center ensembles mediated by rare-earth doped crystal. Specifically, we proposed protocols for high fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with parameters within reach of current technologies. Such an interface would bring new insights into future implementations of long-range quantum network with NV centers in diamond acting as quantum nodes. IntroductionQuantum network based on solid-state quantum memories are a promising platform for long range quantum communication and remote sensing [1][2][3]. Quantum nodes in a network require robust storage, high fidelity and efficient interface to achieve these demanding applications. Among many physical platforms, nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers stand out for their very long coherence time in the ground states, making them ideal systems to be used as stationary nodes for quantum computer or sensor networks. Microwave and optical interfaces have provided the NV system with a flexible toolset of control knobs, as required in many emerging technologies. This has enabled a recent demonstration of deterministic entanglement generation between two NV centers in diamond [4] with an entanglement rate of about 40 Hz. Despite these successes, NV centers present some shortcomings for quantum communication applications: the NV spin has a zero phonon line (ZPL) at 637 nm and it only corresponds to 3% of the total emission.The propagation loss in optical fibers at this wavelength (8 dB/km) is much larger compared with telecommunication ranges (less than 0.2 dB/km). To extend the entanglement generation scheme to large distance would thus benefit from using a telecom photon interface. The conventional way to overcome this limit is to perform parametric down conversion to convert the photons into telecom-wavelength photons (tele-photons), as demonstrated in several systems including quantum dots [5][6][7], trapped ions [8-10] and atomic ensembles [11][12][13].The low emission rate into the ZPL limits the rate of entanglement generation. The emission fraction into the ZPL could be enhanced by a microcavity via the Purcell effect [14], while a difference frequency generation, used in recent experiments, achieved conversion of single NV photons into telecom wavelength with 17% efficiency [15,16]. However, the signal-to-noise ratio was limited by pump-induced noise in the conversion process [17,18] and resonance driving at cryogenic temperature is required, preventing room temperature applications.An alternative approach is to work with the microwave interface of NV centers and then ...

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“…Additional interest in color centers stems from the availability of optically addressable electronic and nuclear spin states with long coherence times even at room temperature . Notably, this has enabled the use of color centers as quantum memories for the realization of quantum networks mediated by spin‐photon entanglement, and holds promise for the realization of solid‐state quantum registers for quantum information processing . A comprehensive discussion on diamond spins and their entanglement to photons for quantum computing and quantum networks can be found in two excellent review articles (see ref.…”

Section: Single‐photon Emitters In Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond as a Platform for Integrated Quantum Photonics

Lenzini¹,

Gruhler²,

Walter³

et al. 2018

Adv Quantum Tech

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Integrated quantum photonics enables the generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light in miniaturized waveguide circuits. Implementation of these three operations in a single integrated platform is a crucial step toward a fully scalable approach to quantum photonic technologies. In this context, diamond has emerged as a particularly promising material as it naturally combines a large transparency range for the fabrication of low‐loss photonic circuits, and a variety of optically active defects for the realization of efficient single‐photon emitters. Furthermore, its high Young's modulus makes it ideal for the implementation of tunable optomechanical devices for active quantum state manipulation. This review reports recent progress on the realization of the main components required for a diamond‐based integrated quantum photonic architecture: single‐photon emitters, static and actively tunable waveguide circuits, and, as a last building block, integrated superconducting single‐photon detectors.

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Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network

Cited by 453 publications

References 34 publications

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Entanglement accessibility measures for the quantum Internet

Telecom photon interface of solid-state quantum nodes

Diamond as a Platform for Integrated Quantum Photonics

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