Deterministic control of broadband light through a multiply scattering medium via the multispectral transmission matrix

Andreoli, Daria; Volpe, Giorgio; Popoff, Sébastien M.; Katz, Ori; Grésillon, S.; Gigan, Sylvain

doi:10.1038/srep10347

Cited by 97 publications

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“…Temporal spreading of the original pulse is characterized by a confinement time τ m [20] related to the Thouless time [21]. Equivalently, from a spectral point of view, the scattering medium responds differently for distinct spectral components of an ultrashort pulse, with a spectral correlation bandwidth ∆ω m ∝ 1/τ m , giving rise to a very complex spatio-temporal speckle pattern [22][23][24][25]. With a single SLM, one can manipulate spatial degrees of freedom to adjust the delay between different optical paths.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Another technique consists in shaping only the spectral profile of the pulse at the input, to compensate the temporal distortion induced by the medium [30]. Equivalently to a spectral approach, the measurement of a time-resolved reflection matrix [31,32] enables light delivery at a given depth of the scattering medium.Recently, the measurement of a TM of the medium for several wavelengths, the Multi-Spectral Transmission Matrix (MSTM) [22], allowed for both spatial and spectral control at any position in space using a single SLM. In [22], since the spectral phase relation between different matrices was unknown, deterministic temporal control was still elusive.…”

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“…It corresponds to the number of monochromatic TM that one needs to measure to completely describe both spatially and spectrally the propagation of the broadband signal. In [22], the reference signal in the measurement of the MSTM was a co-propagative speckle, as in [14]. Since this reference speckle is also λ-dependent, the spectral phase remained undetermined.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Since this reference speckle is also λ-dependent, the spectral phase remained undetermined. Nonetheless, the manipulation of the input field with this incomplete MSTM allows using the scattering medium as a very complex optical component, such as a lens or a grating [22]. Achieving full control of the pulse in the time domain requires the knowledge of the relaarXiv:1512.07753v4 [physics.optics]…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the measurement of a TM of the medium for several wavelengths, the Multi-Spectral Transmission Matrix (MSTM) [22], allowed for both spatial and spectral control at any position in space using a single SLM. In [22], since the spectral phase relation between different matrices was unknown, deterministic temporal control was still elusive.…”

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Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Light through a Multiple Scattering Medium with the Multispectral Transmission Matrix

et al. 2016

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We report broadband characterization of the propagation of light through a multiply scattering medium by means of its Multi-Spectral Transmission Matrix. Using a single spatial light modulator, our approach enables the full control of both spatial and spectral properties of an ultrashort pulse transmitted through the medium. We demonstrate spatiotemporal focusing of the pulse at any arbitrary position and time with any desired spectral shape. Our approach opens new perspectives for fundamental studies of light-matter interaction in disordered media, and has potential applications in sensing, coherent control and imaging.Propagation of coherent light through a scattering medium produces a speckle pattern at the output [1], due to light scrambling by multiple scattering events [2]. The phase and amplitude information of the light are spatially mixed, thus limiting resolution, depth and contrast of most optical imaging techniques. Ultrashort pulses, generated by broadband modelocked lasers, are very useful for multiphotonic imaging and non-linear physics [3][4][5]. In the temporal domain, an ultrashort pulse is temporally broadened during propagation in a scattering medium, due to the long dwell time within it [6,7], which therefore limits its range of applications.However, this scattering process is linear and deterministic. Therefore, one can control the input wavefront to design the output field. In this respect, spatial light modulators (SLMs) offer more than a million degrees of freedom to control the propagation of coherent light. These systems have played an important role in the development of wavefront shaping techniques to manipulate light in complex media. Iterative optimization algorithm [8][9][10] and phase conjugation methods [11,12] have been proposed to focus light at a given output position, an essential ingredient for imaging. An alternative method for light control is the optical transmission matrix (TM). The TM is a linear operator that links the input field (SLM) to the output field (CCD camera) [1,13]. The measurement of the TM allows imaging through [15] or inside a scattering medium [16], and potentially access mesoscopic properties of the system [17].The possibility of shaping the pulse in time is also essential for coherent control [18]. Temporally, photons exit a scattering medium at different times, giving rise to a broadened pulse at its output [7,19]. Temporal spreading of the original pulse is characterized by a confinement time τ m [20] related to the Thouless time [21]. Equivalently, from a spectral point of view, the scattering medium responds differently for distinct spectral components of an ultrashort pulse, with a spectral correlation bandwidth ∆ω m ∝ 1/τ m , giving rise to a very complex spatio-temporal speckle pattern [22][23][24][25]. With a single SLM, one can manipulate spatial degrees of freedom to adjust the delay between different optical paths. Therefore spatial and temporal distortions can be both compensated using wavefront shaping techniques. This approach allows th...

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