Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Salahshour, Babak; Sadeghi, Sajjad; Nazari, Hajar; Soltaninejad, Kambiz

doi:10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i1.26253

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A 20-μL sample was injected into the column and eluted at room temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The result showed herbal products brand (cravil) contain medicinal chemicals (caffeine) 86 .…”

Section: Issn: 2320-4850 [35] Coden (Usa): Ajprhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Syahfitr¹,

Asra²

2021

Asian J Pharm Res Dev

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Background: Jamu is commonly known as an Indonesian traditional herbal medicine that contains ingredients or ingredients derived from plants, animals, minerals, galenic, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been hereditary for medicinal use. Some studies reported the presence of medicinal chemicals that are deliberately added to Jamu. Jamuthat containing medicinal chemicals usually had a faster healing effect compared to Jamu that do not contain medicinal chemicals. Jamu added medicinal chemicals cause serious side effects if it is consumed regularly, overdose, and long period consumption with uncontrolled dosage or its interaction with other substances on jamu formulation. Purpose: This review article aims to summarize several methods used to analyze medicinal chemicals contained in jamu. Data source:The author created thisreview article by conducting literature studies. The literature was collected from national and international journals published in the last ten years (2010-2020). The works of literature were collected from trusted online journal sites such as the digital library, Google, Google scholar/Google Cendekia, PubMed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, Researchgate, and other E-resource with the keyword “Jamu”, “medicinal chemicals”, and “analysis of medicinal chemicals”. Conclusion: Jamu products that containing medicinal chemicals are jamu pegal linu, weight loss, stamina enhancer, diabetes, antihypertensive and dietary supplements. The medicinal chemicals used are sodium diclofenac, paracetamol, piroxicam, ibuprofen, dexamethasone, mefenamic acid, phenolphthalein, sibutramine, fenfluramine, sildenafil, tadalafil, thiosildenafil, caffeine, ephedrine, nifedipine, glibenclamide. Herbal Medicine was analyzed by the TLC method (thin layer chromatography), Densitometry-chromatography, thin-layer chromatography-Spectrophotometry, SERS-thin layer chromatography, Spectrophotometry, HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (high-performance liquid. chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry), HPLC-Densitometry (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-densitometry), UHPLC-Q-ORTIP HERMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry), UPLC/Q-TOF MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS), Capillary electrophoresis (CE), GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), LC-MS (Liquid Crhomatogaph Mass) Spectrometry), Prototype Test-Strip, Infrared spectroscopy.

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Section: Issn: 2320-4850 [35] Coden (Usa): Ajprhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Syahfitr¹,

Asra²

2021

Asian J Pharm Res Dev

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“…Studies found that many HMs that are used for weight reduction, weight gain, sexual enhancements and analgesia are adulterated with known chemical and pharmaceutical agents. [12][13][14][15] Therefore, it is necessary to assess HMs and dietary supplements to determine their contents, efficacy, and safety profiles. 16,17…”

Section: Herbal Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulteration of Herbal Medicine and its Detection Methods

Alyas,

Aldewachi,

Ibrahim Aladul

2024

Pharmacogn J.

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People are increasingly turning to the use of herbal medicines (HMs) due to the growing trend of embracing nature and concerns about the adverse effects of conventional treatments. HMs provide a sense of safety because they are natural and intended for long-term use. However, herbal medicines are also associated with adverse effects. Furthermore, the use of these medicines poses dangers associated with the deliberate inclusion of synthetic substances, the intentional or accidental substitution of plant species, or simply the risk of mislabeling. While reports of illegal synthetic or pharmaceutical substances being added often involve herbal weight-loss and weight gain preparations, aphrodisiacs, treatments for rheumatic and inflammatory diseases, antidiabetic medications, and antihypertensive preparations, it appears that the substitution of plant species occurs across various categories of herbal medicines. This narrative aims to review the types of adulteration in herbal medicine, the analytical techniques used for detecting adulteration. In conclusion, more studies on the adulteration of HMs are required to inform health authorities and limit the use of these substances. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate and encourage regulatory policies on HMs on a worldwide scale. Relevant regulatory agencies all over the world must be proactive and keep enforcing the necessary safeguards to protect public health by ensuring that all herbal medications approved for sale are secure and of a high enough standard.

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“…The use of synthetic stimulants was developed to treat patients who have Parkinson's disease, obesity, and depression [14,132,133]. More recently, they have been used as cognitive enhancers (commonly used by students or professionals who need to focus when working in stressful environments), to enhance athletes' performance and to help people lose weight [14,134,135]. The use of synthetic stimulants during sexual practices with multiple partners to enhance sexual performance, commonly without protection, potentiates the transmission of sexual diseases [14,136].…”

Section: Warning Signs Of New Psychoactive Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

New Psychoactive Substances: Health and Legal Challenges

Santos,

Maia,

Dinis-Oliveira

et al. 2024

Psychoactives

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Drug abuse represents a significant public health problem with a growing tendency. As a way of circumventing the strict national and international control of psychoactive substances by regulatory agencies, there is a market release of new substances with psychoactive activity, called New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs). This group of substances encompasses a diverse range of synthetic compounds designed to mimic the effects of traditional illicit substances. As NPSs show stronger psychoactive effects than classical drugs, they pose unique challenges to public health and regulatory frameworks. Additionally, some substances are considered NPSs in some countries but not in others. Therefore, based on a given legal definition, manufacturers can create an NPS that does not fall under that definition and thus is not prohibited. This review critically explores the multifaceted dimensions of the criminal and legal contexts associated with NPSs. It examines the trends of abuse, the intricate network of criminal and legal aspects surrounding these substances, and the crucial warning signs that indicate their emergence, highlighting the health risks posed by these substances. In conclusion, this manuscript addresses the intricate interplay between the pharmacology, risks, and regulatory responses. These multifaceted challenges associated with NPSs will likely provide valuable insights for future research.

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Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Analysis of Medicinal Chemicals Contained on Jamu: A Review

Adulteration of Herbal Medicine and its Detection Methods

New Psychoactive Substances: Health and Legal Challenges

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