Abstract:The fetal urinary bladder can be observed by ultrasound and the increasing bladder volume during a filling phase is assumed to reveal the urine production. Volumes, estimated at different time points within the filling phase, allow the hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) to be estimated. HFUPR estimations may add to the knowledge of fetal reactions during obstetrical complications. However, it is essential to know the degree of measurement uncertainty. Otherwise, small deviations may be overrated when r… Show more
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