Determining the structure of graphene-based flakes from their morphotype

Monthioux, Marc; Noé, Laure; Kobylko, Mathias; Wang, Yu; Cazares-Huerta, Thania C.; Pénicaud, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.098

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To describe the inner organization of graphenic materials, we used a three-term description where all terms were exclusive: the texture describes how graphene stacks are arranged with respect to each other at long distance; the imperfections (curvatures, defects) of the graphene layers determine the nanotexture; and the structure encompasses the diverse ways in which the graphenes pile up within a crystallite, among which the most common configurations are turbostratic, Bernal graphite, and rhombohedral graphite. More details are provided in Monthioux et al [32].…”

Section: Materials Treatments and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Mubari

Beguerie

Monthioux

et al. 2022

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Structural properties of carbonized cellulose were explored to conjugate the outcomes from various characterization techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. All these techniques have evidenced the formation of graphene stacks with a size distribution. Cellulose carbonized at 1000 and 1800 °C at a heating rate of 2 °C/min showed meaningful differences in Raman spectroscopy, whereas in XRD, the differences were not well pronounced, which implies that the crystallite sizes calculated by each technique have different significations. In the XRD patterns, the origin of a specific feature at a low scattering angle commonly reported in the literature but poorly explained so far, was identified. The different approaches used in this study were congruous in explaining the observations that were made on the cellulose-derived carbon samples. The remnants of the basic structural unit (BSU) are developed during primary carbonization. Small graphene-based crystallites inherited from the BSUs, which formerly developed during primary carbonization, were found to coexist with larger ones. Even if the three techniques give information on the average size of graphenic domains, they do not see the same characteristics of the domains; hence, they are not identical, nor contradictory but complementary. The arguments developed in the work to explain which characteristics are deduced from the signal obtained by each of the three characterization techniques relate to physics phenomena; hence, they are quite general and, therefore, are valid for all kind of graphenic materials.

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Section: Materials Treatments and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Mubari

Beguerie

Monthioux

et al. 2022

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“…The HRTEM image (Figure 4e) of the 3DIGF reveals an average lattice spacing of around 0.3 nm (measured by using ImageJ software), which agrees well with the C (200) XRD diffraction plane for d‐spacing of graphitic carbon. Monthioux et al [85] . reported that flakes with only a turbostratic structure do not have distinct folding directions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference between the folded and crumpled morphotypes is unrelated to the TEM sample preparation procedure. Still, it could be argued that the nanotexture quality causes the deformation (up to folding) behavior [85] . The 3DIGF, by definition, has perfect nanotextures (meaning stiff, perfect, and large graphene layers, with an average layer thickness of ∼0.3 nm as illustrated by Figure 4e).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, it could be argued that the nanotexture quality causes the deformation (up to folding) behavior. [85] The 3DIGF, by definition, has perfect nanotextures (meaning stiff, perfect, and large graphene layers, with an average layer thickness of ~0.3 nm as illustrated by Figure 4e). The flexural (or bending) modulus of graphenebased nano-objects (either graphite flakes or concentric-type multi-wall carbon nanotubes) is known to increase dramatically with the number of perfectly piled-up graphene layers.…”

Section: Morphological and Elemental Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Highly Stable and Electrochemically Active Three‐dimensional Interconnected Graphene Frameworks from Jute Sticks

Shah

Yang

Ashraf

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Over the past few years, the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanomaterials, including graphene using green chemistry, has attracted tremendous attention due to its easy handling, low cost, and biocompatibility. Here we demonstrate a facile and efficient green synthesis route for producing highly stable and electrochemically active threedimensional interconnected graphene frameworks (3DIGF) from jute sticks. Initially, jute sticks derived three-dimensional amorphous activated carbon nanosheets (3DAACNs) were prepared at low temperatures (i. e., 850 °C) in an inert environment. The resultant 3DAACNs were then heat treated at a high temperature (i. e., 2700 °C) under an inert environment, resulting in 3DIGF. The prepared carbonaceous materials were fully characterized, and various experimental techniques confirmed the preparation of 3DIGF. The prepared 3DIGF shows a highly stable nature in thermal and chemical environments and demonstrates a highly dynamic nature for the electrooxidation of sulfide. This study could be considered a vital contribution towards the economic and simple approach for preparing 3DIGF from biomass.

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“…Also, Figure d reveals the structure of complicatedly crumpled and randomly entangled graphene. These structural characteristics are expected to enable the EGMN to accommodate an external mechanical stress . Figure e shows a simple paper model to schematically illustrate the strain relaxation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stretchable and Reliable, Transparent and Conductive Entangled Graphene Mesh Networks

Han

Lee

et al. 2017

Advanced Materials

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A highly stretchable and reliable, transparent and conductive entangled graphene mesh network (EGMN) exhibits an interconnected percolation network, as usually shown in 1D nanowires, but with the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of 2D graphene. The unique combination of the 2D material properties and the network structure of wrinkled, waved, and crumpled graphene enables the EGMN to demonstrate excellent electrical reliability, mechanical durability, and thermal stability, even under harsh environmental and external conditions such as very high temperature, humidity, bending, and stretching. Specifically, after 100 000 cycles of bending with radius of 2 mm, the EGMN maintains its resistance similar to its initial value. The EGMN shows a steady monotonic response in resistance to strain cycles of 50 000 times with nearly constant gauge factors of 0.76, 1.67, and 2.55 at 10%, 40%, and 70% strains, respectively. Moreover, the EGMN shows very little change in resistance with the temperature increasing up to 1000 °C, by in situ thermal analysis with transmission electron microscopy and also by long-term stability testing at 70 °C and 70% relative humidity for 30 d. These results demonstrate that this novel entangled graphene mesh network can significantly broaden the application areas for various types of wearable and stretchable devices.

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Determining the structure of graphene-based flakes from their morphotype

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

The X-ray, Raman and TEM Signatures of Cellulose-Derived Carbons Explained

Preparation of Highly Stable and Electrochemically Active Three‐dimensional Interconnected Graphene Frameworks from Jute Sticks

Highly Stretchable and Reliable, Transparent and Conductive Entangled Graphene Mesh Networks

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