Determining the paleoclimate and elevation of the late Eocene Florissant flora: support from the coexistence approach

Zaborac-Reed, Stephanie; Leopold, Estella B.

doi:10.1139/cjes-2015-0165

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Zaborac-Reed and Leopold, 2016NLR 1.4 Cather et al, 2012 Erosional history reconstruction (geologic and thermochronomatic) 1.6 to 2.8 Boyle et al, 2008 Weighted average partial least-squares regression (WAPLS) and genus-derived MAT 1.9 ± 0.5, 1.9 ± 1.0 Gregory and McIntosh, 1996;using Meyer 1986using Meyer , 1992 Lapse rate 5.9 °C/km, CLAMP 2.4-2.7 Gregory and Chase, 1992 Lapse rate 2. 45 Meyer 198645 Meyer , 1992 Lapse rate 6.7 °C/km 2.0-2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen evidence of floristic turnover forced by cool aridity during the Oligocene in Colorado

Leopold

Zaborac-Reed

2019

Geosphere

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New pollen data from four Oligocene floras in volcanic landscapes of Colo rado record important climatic shifts that reshaped the local flora and promoted the development of subarid vegetation types. We combined new pollen data with previous megafossil evidence to assess vegetation changes during the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT). Pollen data are the basis for updating the list of flora identified at Creede. Local extinctions in response to lower sum mer rainfall abruptly removed many of the exotic woody taxa of eastern North American and Asian affinity. This loss was followed by the appearance of xeric shrubland taxa of the Ponderosa pinefir woodland and sagebrush flora that characterize the Colorado area today. Telltale genera appear and suggest an understory of shrubs such as Artemisia, Elaeagnus, Ribes, Ephedra, Jamesia, and Shepherdia. Poaceae are also present. Significantly, herbaceous taxa of the Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Caryophyllaceae make their first appearances in the fossil record of Colorado here. The new Oligocene pollen data record a significant drop in summer rainfall and a climatic cooling at 33.8 Ma of several degrees that relates to the Oi1 glaciation in Antarctica. The particular taxa that continued after the EOT were a basis for estimating changes in soil moisture during this time. The condi tions in Colorado are reminiscent of Wolfe's "terminal Eocene event." This re markable shift precipitated the development of a local pollen and megafossil flora more "modern" in aspect (e.g., a larger proportion of extant local genera are present). The impressive floristic turnover was probably a response to the increasingly continental climate that embraced the area during the Oligocene.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen evidence of floristic turnover forced by cool aridity during the Oligocene in Colorado

Leopold

Zaborac-Reed

2019

Geosphere

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“…Based on Leopold et al (2007), and especially Zaborac-Reed and Leopold (2016), we scored the biome of these fossils as warm temperate (W). These authors described the presence of many elements of modern warm temperate forests, including Lauraceae, Arecaceae (palms), Meliaceae, Podocarpaceae, Sapindaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Torreya.…”

Section: Supplement 4 Fossil Pollen Morphology and Biome Assignmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their analyses estimated a mean annual temperature (MAT) of between 14-18 C for the site, which is squarely in the mesophyllous range and likely supported a broad-leaved warm temperate forest (with conifers also present). Although it was initially thought to represent a higher elevation flora, Zaborac-Reed and Leopold (2016) concluded that it was likely lower elevation (<1.5 km). Based on McIntyre (1991), Jahren (2007), and Greenwood et al (2010) we coded the biome of these fossils as warm temperate (W).…”

Section: Supplement 4 Fossil Pollen Morphology and Biome Assignmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Phylogenetic Estimation of Geographic Movements and Biome Shifts during the Global Diversification ofViburnum

et al. 2020

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Abstract Phylogeny, molecular sequences, fossils, biogeography, and biome occupancy are all lines of evidence that reflect the singular evolutionary history of a clade, but they are most often studied separately, by first inferring a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny, then mapping on ancestral ranges and biomes inferred from extant species. Here we jointly model the evolution of biogeographic ranges, biome affinities, and molecular sequences, while incorporating fossils to estimate a dated phylogeny for all of the 163 extant species of the woody plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) that we currently recognize in our ongoing worldwide monographic treatment of the group. Our analyses indicate that while the major Viburnum lineages evolved in the Eocene, the majority of extant species originated since the Miocene. Viburnum radiated first in Asia, in warm, broad-leaved evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests. Within Asia, we infer several early shifts into more tropical forests, and multiple shifts into forests that experience prolonged freezing. From Asia, we infer two early movements into the New World. These two lineages probably first occupied warm temperate forests and adapted later to spreading cold climates. One of these lineages (Porphyrotinus) occupied cloud forests and moved south through the mountains of the Neotropics. Several other movements into North America took place more recently, facilitated by prior adaptations to freezing in the Old World. We also infer four disjunctions between Asia and Europe: the Tinus lineage is the oldest and probably occupied warm forests when it spread, whereas the other three were more recent and in cold-adapted lineages. These results variously contradict published accounts, especially the view that Viburnum radiated initially in cold forests and, accordingly, maintained vessel elements with scalariform perforations. We explored how the location and biome assignments of fossils affected our inference of ancestral areas and biome states. Our results are sensitive to, but not entirely dependent upon, the inclusion of fossil biome data. It will be critical to take advantage of all available lines of evidence to decipher events in the distant past. The joint estimation approach developed here provides cautious hope even when fossil evidence is limited. [Biogeography; biome; combined evidence; fossil pollen; phylogeny; Viburnum.]

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“…First, 14 living species with ranges in East and/or Southeast Asia were coded as ambiguous for warm versus cold temperate states (W/Co). Second, we assigned biome affinities to the five fossil taxa by reference to descriptions of the paleofloras from which they were obtained and paleoclimate analyses where available (e.g., Moss et al, 2005;Greenwood et al, 2010;Denk et al, 2011;Zaborac-Reed and Leopold, 2016;see Supplement 4). For four of the fossils the paleofloral assemblages imply the occupancy of forests most analogous to modern warm temperate forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification ofViburnum

Landis

Eaton

Clement

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractPhylogeny, fossils, biogeography, and biome occupancy provide evidence that reflects the singular evolutionary history of a clade. Despite the connections that bind them together, these lines of evidence are most often studied separately, by first inferring a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny, then mapping on ancestral ranges and biomes inferred from extant species. Here we jointly model the evolution of biogeographic ranges, biome affinities, and molecular sequences, incorporating fossils to estimate a dated phylogeny for all of the 163 extant species of the woody plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) that we currently recognize. Our analyses indicate that while the major Viburnum lineages evolved in the Eocene, the majority of extant species originated since the Miocene. Viburnum radiated first in Asia, in warm, broad-leaved evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests. Within Asia we infer several early shifts into more tropical forests, and multiple shifts into forests that experience prolonged freezing. From Asia we infer two early movements into the New World. These two lineages probably first occupied warm temperate forests and adapted later to spreading cold climates. One of these lineages (Porphyrotinus) occupied cloud forests and moved south through the mountains of the Neotropics. Several other movements into North America took place more recently, facilitated by prior adaptations to freezing in the Old World. We also infer four disjunctions between Asia and Europe: the Tinus lineage is the oldest and probably occupied warm forests when it spread, while the other three were more recent and in cold-adapted lineages. These results variously contradict published accounts, especially the view that Viburnum radiated initially in cold forests and, accordingly, maintained vessel elements with scalariform perforations. We explored how the location and biome assignments of fossils affected our inference of ancestral areas and biome states. Our results are sensitive to, but not entirely dependent upon, the inclusion of fossil biome data. We argue that it will be critical to take advantage of all available lines of evidence to decipher events in the distant past, and the joint estimation approach developed here provides cautious hope even when fossil evidence is limited.

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Determining the paleoclimate and elevation of the late Eocene Florissant flora: support from the coexistence approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Pollen evidence of floristic turnover forced by cool aridity during the Oligocene in Colorado

Pollen evidence of floristic turnover forced by cool aridity during the Oligocene in Colorado

Joint Phylogenetic Estimation of Geographic Movements and Biome Shifts during the Global Diversification ofViburnum

Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification ofViburnum

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