Determining the most representative reservoir model for the shallow depth salihli geothermal reservoir in Turkey using tracer test

Aydın, Hakkı; Balaban, Tuğbanur Özen; Bülbül, Ali; Merey, Şükrü; Tarcan, Gültekin

doi:10.1007/s00231-021-03166-y

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The geothermal field covers more than 80% of the New Area, and the Niutuozhen geothermal field is a demonstration area for the exploitation of middle-low temperature convective geothermal system in China (Li, 2018;Liu et al, 2022a). Its deep thermal reservoir type is carbonate rock karst fracture thermal reservoir, which has important characteristics such as large reserves, moderate burial depth, high temperature, excellent water quality, and easy recharge (Li et al, 2013;Wei, 2020;Zhao et al, 2021;Aydin et al, 2022). Although the Niutuozhen geothermal field recharges the condensed geothermal fluid into the thermal reservoir to overcome the reduction of thermal reservoir pressure and maintain the production capacity of the geothermal field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst thermal reservoir tracer test and seepage characteristics analysis in Niutuozhen geothermal field in Xiong’an New Area

Qiao

Li²,

Yan³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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The carbonate rock karst thermal reservoir in the Niutuozhen geothermal field is a high-quality geothermal resource with significant development potential. However, due to the strong heterogeneity of karst thermal reservoirs, the connectivity between recharge and production wells is hard to determine, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the Niutuozhen geothermal field. Therefore, this study revealed the hydraulic connection between the recharge and production well through the tracer test, quantitatively characterized the seepage characteristics of the reservoir combined with the numerical simulation, and proposed the deployment of the recharge well. The results show that the total recovery rate of the tracer is 0.42%, indicating that there are a small number of communication channels with a good hydraulic connection between the recharge and production well in the experimental area, and the recharge will not cause thermal breakthrough within a short time period. The velocity of recharge water can reach 359 m/d at the fastest, and the directions of dominant channels are concentrated in the NW, N, and E directions centered on the recharge well, this is consistent with the characteristics of regional fractures, recharge wells should be avoided to deployed in those directions. The results provide effective information for the prediction of the thermal breakthrough time and the accurate establishment of the thermal reservoir model in the Niutuozhen geothermal field, also provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of the carbonate karst thermal reservoir geothermal resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karst thermal reservoir tracer test and seepage characteristics analysis in Niutuozhen geothermal field in Xiong’an New Area

Qiao

Li²,

Yan³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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A Comprehensive Review of Tracer Test Applications in Geothermal Reservoirs

Aydın

Nagabandi

Jamal

et al. 2022

Day 2 Wed, April 27, 2022

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Tracer test is a strong tool that is used to understand the connectivity between injection and production wells in geothermal reservoirs. It is essential to design and implement a tracer test for particular reservoir properties. Inappropriate tracer tests, might cuase wrong reservoir characterization interpretations. This study incorporates in the design, the implementation, and the interpretation of tracer tests in geothermal reservoirs. This study is populated with numerous field applications to ensure better understanding of the subject. The study initially present the types of tracers used in geothermal reservoirs. The appropriate tracer type is selected based on various parameters such as reservoir conditions, economics, type of measurement devices available, minimum detection concentration, environmentally friendly, and stability at reservoir conditions. Once the type of tracer is selected, the amount of tracer to be injected and the tracer sampling frequency are determined based on the distance between wells, mean traveling time, and the desired peak concentration. The tracer is injected as slug/continuous type to the selected injection wells and sampling from production wells. The measured tracer concentrations are then modeled with analytical methods such as the multi-fractures, single fracture, dual-porosity, and homogenous models. Naphthalene sulfonates, is frequently used in high-temperature geothermal reservoirs because of is high resistance and half-life in harsh conditions. Salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride are also conservative in harsh conditions; however, a large amount of salt is required to be injected to create an additional concentration in the reservoir brine, which already includes a certain salt concentration. Fluorescein is mostly applicable in low enthalpy reservoirs because of its weakness at high temperatures. Analytical models are matched with field data by using the nonlinear least square method. The most representative reservoir model is determined by evaluating the sum of the squared differences between tracer concentrations of the model and field data. Geothermal reservoirs are generally best matched with multi-fractures and dual-porosity models because of the secondary permeability and porosity of tectonic activities and mineral dissolution mechanisms. This study, provides a detailed information about tracer test design, implementation, and interpretation. It serves as a guidance by including numerous field cases and the latest research about tracers in geothermal.

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Determining the most representative reservoir model for the shallow depth salihli geothermal reservoir in Turkey using tracer test

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Karst thermal reservoir tracer test and seepage characteristics analysis in Niutuozhen geothermal field in Xiong’an New Area

Karst thermal reservoir tracer test and seepage characteristics analysis in Niutuozhen geothermal field in Xiong’an New Area

A Comprehensive Review of Tracer Test Applications in Geothermal Reservoirs

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