The
design of nanomaterials by tailoring the size, shape, and surface
chemistry has a significant impact on their properties. The fine-tuning
of structural defects of ceria rod-like and cube-like-shaped nanoparticles
was performed via La3+ doping in molar ratios of 0–70
mol %. Morphology control was achieved by varying the hydrothermal
synthesis temperature. For La
x
Ce1–x
O2–x/2 samples
prepared at 110 °C, nanorod-like structures are obtained for x < 0.30 and a random morphology of interconnecting polyhedra
is achieved for a larger x. The ceria fluorite crystalline
structure is maintained at an x of up to 0.60, and
both Raman and X-ray diffraction results indicate a high level of
defects and disorder in the crystalline structure. For La
x
Ce1–x
O2–x/2 samples prepared at 180 °C, cube-shaped particles
are predominant for an x of up to 0.10; however,
for x
> 0.20, two fluorite phases
with
different lattice parameters are associated with two distinct shapes,
cubes and rods The La concentration in nanocubes is limited to x = 0.10 even for samples prepared with higher nominal La
concentrations, whereas the nanorods contain larger La concentrations.
The demonstrated morphology and defect control on La-doped ceria nanoparticles
are critical for applications such as high-temperature oxide catalysts.