Determining the Homogeneity and Stand Quality Values in Pure Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) Grown in Turkey

Abstract

Oriental spruce is one of particular spruce species in Turkey and is spread between 40°23′-43°50′ northern latitude and 37°40′-44°13′ eastern longitude. 135,959 ha. of total 350.000 is purely populated by the Oriental spruce [1, 2]. Only 82,361 ha of 135,959 ha contain industrial-quality trees, and the rest is known as an unproductive area [3]. In Turkey, all pure oriental spruce forests have been managed without considering ages and structures of the trees. This limits diversity that might have occurred. On the other hand, the determination of stand structures has brought up the importance of stand structure [4, 5]. Stand is forest ecosystem itself and the basis of a forest in respect of constituting the least unit and it means production, maintenance-regeneration, and protection activities [6]. When using the number of

The Effect of Climate on the Radial Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) in a Coastal Mixed Stand in Kapisuyu, Bartin, Turkey

“…Based on randomized blocks and the result of equation 1, it was decided to take ten different sample plots that each one was 1000 square meters (25 x 40 m). In the sample plots, the number, height and diameter at breast height of trees (DBH), stand canopy closure and stand density were determined, and homogeneity index using the following formula (Equation 2) was calculated (Kapucu et al, 2001;Özçelik 2009;Yücesan et al, 2010;Oktan, 2019). Also, in the sample plots, the volume was determined for both tree species (P. sylvestris and F. orientalis) based on volume tables constituted by Şenyurt (2011) and Carus (1997), respectively.…”