Determining the feasibility of H2O2 production at a graphite cathode using bond dissociation energy: comparing simple and nitrogen doped cathodes

Asghar, Anam; Raman, Abdul Aziz Abdul; Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan; Ramalingam, Anantharaj; Zain, Sharifuddin Bin Md

doi:10.1007/s11164-019-03793-5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Except for the pyridinic‐N, the graphite‐N maybe is also feasible to H 2 O 2 electroproduction via 2e − ORR. [ 62 ] For instance, Sidik et al. investigated the effect of graphite‐N sites in Ketjenblack to 2e − ORR catalytic performance by an experimental and theoretical study.…”

Section: Electrocatalysts and Factors Influencing 2e− Orr Activity/selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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Shifting electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via two‐electron pathway becomes increasingly crucial as an alternative/green method for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. Here, the development of 2e− ORR catalysts in recent years is reviewed, in aspects of reaction mechanism exploration, types of high‐performance catalysts, factors to influence catalytic performance, and potential applications of 2e− ORR. Based on the previous theoretical and experimental studies, the underlying 2e− ORR catalytic mechanism is firstly unveiled, in aspect of reaction pathway, thermodynamic free energy diagram, limiting potential, and volcano plots. Then, various types of efficient catalysts for producing H2O2 via 2e− ORR pathway are summarized. Additionally, the catalytic active sites and factors to influence catalysts’ performance, such as electronic structure, carbon defect, functional groups (O, N, B, S, F etc.), synergistic effect, and others (pH, pore structure, steric hindrance effect, etc.) are discussed. The H2O2 electrogeneration via 2e− ORR also has various potential applications in wastewater treatment, disinfection, organics degradation, and energy storage. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in 2e− ORR catalysts for electrochemically producing H2O2 are examined. These insights may help develop highly active/selective 2e− ORR catalysts and shape the potential application of this electrochemical H2O2 producing method.

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Section: Electrocatalysts and Factors Influencing 2e− Orr Activity/selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…Concerning the oxygen adsorption, Anam [ 72 ] calculated that the adsorption capacity of nitrogen‐doped graphene cathode for oxygen was 23.50 kcal mol −1 , which was lower than the 65.08 kcal mol −1 of the graphene cathode. Thus, oxygen was smoothly adsorbed in the graphene N structure and possessed a higher probability to produce hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Selectivity Of Different N Sites Towards Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And it's worth noticing that only 59.93 kcal mol −1 is needed for CO bond cracking on graphite‐N in the HOO* formation reaction, and the BDEs (Bond dissociation energies) cleavage energy of COOH* is negative, which means that the generation of H 2 O 2 is spontaneous. [ 72 ]…”

Section: Selectivity Of Different N Sites Towards Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And it's worth noticing that only 59.93 kcal mol −1 is needed for CO bond cracking on graphite-N in the HOO* formation reaction, and the BDEs (Bond dissociation energies) cleavage energy of COOH* is negative, which means that the generation of H 2 O 2 is spontaneous. [72] However, the effect of graphite-N on 2-electron ORR pathway is still controversial. Bao [76] revealed that the graphite-N on the edge of zigzag has a suitable structure for absorbing oxygen, and the two ortho carbons can respectively absorb oxygen molecules separately.…”

Section: Graphite-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Ding

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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promising and environmentally friendly oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Besides, hydrogen peroxide received great attention in fuel cell as well, in which hydrogen still plays an important role. But the low volumetric energy density makes the storage of hydrogen a difficult issue. H 2 O 2 possesses a high energy density and oxidation potential [13] in full pH range (E 0 = 1.763 V at pH = 0, E 0 = 0.878 V at pH 14), [1] which enables it an ideal energy carrier alternative. [11] With a compounded increase of 6%, [14] the annual production of H 2 O 2 had reached 5.5 million tons in 2015. [1] At present, three main categories were conducted to produce H 2 O 2 : direct H 2 O 2 synthesis from H 2 and O 2 , [15] anthraquinone oxidation process (AO-process), [12] and oxygen electroreduction. [16][17] More than 95% of H 2 O 2 were synthesized by AO-process, involving hydrogenation and oxidation of the anthraquinone molecule over Ni or Pd catalysts in organic solvents. [14] However, AO-process is facing some challenges: 1) Low sustainability. The combustible and explosive substances used in AO-process, such as heavy aromatics, trioctyl phosphate, are not environmentally friendly, which brings a negative influence on the sustainability of the AO-process; 2) Transportation insecurity. The high concentration of H 2 O 2 has the potential to explode when flammable materials exist, which brings safety problems to transportation; 3) Exorbitant additional cost. Ahead of being transported, H 2 O 2 has to be concentrated up to 70 wt% with impurity separation [18] and requires acid promoter stabilizer, [14] causing the increase of extra cost. All these make AO-process not the best choice for low cost and distributed H 2 O 2 production.Comparatively, two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides an economic, efficient, and nonhazardous alternative process, achieving the in situ H 2 O 2 production under mild conditions. [1] Furthermore, ORR process could be coupled with renewable energy sources [18] and fuel cell, [19] recovering the energy released ( f 0 ∆G , 120 KJ mol −1 ). [20,21] For instance, solar energy can be directly used as an energy source to produce H 2 O 2 through photoelectric catalysis. [22] In brief, H 2 O 2 production via two-electron oxygen electro-reduction has emerged as a promising candidate to address the demand for distributed energy.Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is one of the 100 most paramount chemicals in the world, which has been widely used in industrial synthesis, pulp and bleaching, semiconductor cleaning, medical sterilizing, environmental treatments, and energy storage. Among various H 2 O 2 production methods, anthraquinone process has intrinsic drawbacks such as energy-intensive and environmental pollution while 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides an economic, efficient, and nonhazardous alternative process to realize the in situ production of H 2 O 2 instead. Recently, heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts, especially the nitrogen-doped ones, receive special a...

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“…This process promotes the activation of O 2 on adjacent C atoms. [ 34 ] Asghar et al [ 35 ] calculated the adsorption energy and dissociation energy of oxygen on the surface of graphite N. It was found that graphite N with low adsorption energy is conducive to the adsorption of O 2 in the initial step of oxygen reduction. Sidik [ 36 ] found that graphite N can promote the formation of carbon free radical sites and the adsorption of *OOH intermediate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Species in Graphite Carbon Nitride on Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Yang

Zhang

Mei

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Electrochemical oxygen reduction for producing clean hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a promising alternative approach to the industrial anthraquinone method. At present, the most pressing challenge is the development of oxygen reduction electrocatalysts with sufficient activity, stability, and 2e− pathway selectivity. Here, the electrocatalytic properties of a series of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) catalysts with different concentrations of nitrogen species (CNC and N(C)3) are explored for H2O2 production. Electrochemical studies show that the selectivity of g‐C3N4 for hydrogen peroxide generation in alkaline electrolytes reaches ≈90%. To explain the observed results, the structure, composition, and physical and chemical properties of g‐C3N4 catalysts synthesized from different precursors are compared with their electrocatalytic performance. This research contributes to the discovery and design of a high‐performance nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts for the production of hydrogen peroxide.

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Determining the feasibility of H2O2 production at a graphite cathode using bond dissociation energy: comparing simple and nitrogen doped cathodes

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Effect of Nitrogen Species in Graphite Carbon Nitride on Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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Determining the feasibility of H2O2 production at a graphite cathode using bond dissociation energy: comparing simple and nitrogen doped cathodes

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Recent Progress of Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction

H2O2 Electrogeneration from O2 Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Effect of Nitrogen Species in Graphite Carbon Nitride on Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects