Determining the duration of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) induced susceptibility effect in soybean

Varenhorst, Adam J.; McCarville, M. Beth; O’Neal, Matthew E.

doi:10.1007/s11829-015-9395-7

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The defense suppression hypothesis is also supported from the finding that previous pea aphid infestation resulted in an increased performance of conspecific offspring (Takemoto et al, 2013). Similar effects are known from other aphid species like the soybean aphid Aphis glycines (Varenhorst et al, 2015). This conclusion also suggests that a strong up-regulation of JA-defense signaling is responsible for the low performance of non-adapted aphid clones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones

et al. 2016

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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. Despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. All aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. Thus plants might react differently to the various pea aphid host races. To find out whether legume species vary in their defense responses to different pea aphid host races, we measured the amounts of salicylic acid (SA), the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), other jasmonate precursors and derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) in four different species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Pisum sativum, V. faba) after infestation by native and non-native pea aphid clones of various host races. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the clones on the four plant species. On M. sativa and T. pratense, non-native clones that were barely able to survive or reproduce, triggered a strong SA and JA-Ile response, whereas infestation with native clones led to lower levels of both phytohormones. On P. sativum, non-native clones, which survived or reproduced to a certain extent, induced fluctuating SA and JA-Ile levels, whereas the native clone triggered only a weak SA and JA-Ile response. On the universal host V. faba all aphid clones triggered only low SA levels initially, but induced clone-specific patterns of SA and JA-Ile later on. The levels of the active JA-Ile conjugate and of the other JA-pathway metabolites measured showed in many cases similar patterns, suggesting that the reduction in JA signaling was due to an effect upstream of OPDA. ABA levels were downregulated in all aphid clone-plant combinations and were therefore probably not decisive factors for aphid-plant compatibility. Our results suggest that A. pisum clones manipulate plant-defense signaling to their own advantage, and perform better on their native hosts due to their ability to modulate the SA- and JA-defense signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones

et al. 2016

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“…Most genes were significantly induced with the combination of BABA and SBA treatment, which were consistent with the increase of isoflavone amount. Among the genes activated in the isoflavone and phenylpropanoid pathway, the expression of CHS3 , CHS4 , CHS6 , CHR and IFS2 reached a peak at 24 h with SBA treatment alone, which could be a suppression of defenses by SBA . However, the expressions still increased till 48 h in the combined treatment of BABA and SBA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among the genes activated in the isoflavone and phenylpropanoid pathway, the expression of CHS3, CHS4, CHS6, CHR and IFS2 reached a peak at 24 h with SBA treatment alone, which could be a suppression of defenses by SBA. 58,59 However, the expressions still increased till 48 h in the combined treatment of BABA and SBA. This could be due to an active suppression of the phenylpropanoid pathway by aphids in the former while the application of BABA eliminated the suppression phase in the latter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

BABA application improves soybean resistance to aphid through activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and callose deposition

Yao

Zhong

Wang

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Beta‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) confer plant resistance to a broad spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. The soybean aphid (SBA), is native to eastern Asia and is a predominant insect pest of soybean. Both isoflavone and lignin pathway are important branches of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, which would be likely associated with resistance against soybean aphid. However, little is known about the role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in defense response to SBA as induced by BABA application. RESULTS The application of BABA effectively enhanced soybean resistance against Aphis glycines, the soybean aphid. Consistent with significantly increased content of isoflavones, especially genistein, the related biosynthetic genes were upregulated by use of BABA. Lignin, another important defense component against arthropods, accumulated at a high level and four lignin biosynthesis related genes were also activated. Additionally, BABA application augmented the expression of callose synthase genes and increased callose deposition in SBA‐infested seedlings. In non‐caged and caged tests, SBA numbers were significantly reduced in BABA‐treated seedlings. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that application of BABA has an obvious positive effect on soybean resistance to aphids, and this defense response partly depends on the potentiation of isoflavone biosynthesis and callose deposition. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…A study of the effect of SBA infestation on the performance of other pests colonizing soybean plants at the same time indicated that aphids increase soybean susceptibility to SCN, again supporting the hypothesis that SBA are able to suppress defense responses effective against herbivores [ 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, it has been observed that initial feeding by conspecifics increased the survival of subsequent SBA populations on both susceptible and resistant soybean lines, indicating that SBA can trigger an induced-susceptibility response in soybean [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SBA:250 treatment that followed management recommendations to limit aphid colonization did not result in changes in fatty acid levels in our analysis, even though it is known that aphids induce molecular responses in soybean plants when populations are smaller than 250 aphids per plant [ 17 , 18 ]. Interestingly, it was recently shown that aphid-induced susceptibility is still observed 5 days after removal of the aphids from soybean plants, but no longer observable 9 days after aphid removal [ 53 ]. In our experiment, fatty acid analysis was performed on leaves that had been free of aphids for approximately 4 weeks after the initial infestation to 250 aphid per plant followed by insecticide treatment; thus it is possible that aphids affected fatty acid levels but the effect had already dissipated at the time of the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Aphid Infestation Induces Changes in Fatty Acid Metabolism in Soybean

et al. 2015

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The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is one of the most important insect pests of soybeans in the North-central region of the US. It has been hypothesized that aphids avoid effective defenses by inhibition of jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Given the role fatty acids play in jasmonate-induced plant defenses, we analyzed the fatty acid profile of soybean leaves and seeds from aphid-infested plants. Aphid infestation reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in leaves with a concomitant increase in palmitic acid. In seeds, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with an increase in stearic acid and oleic acid. Soybean plants challenged with the brown stem rot fungus or with soybean cyst nematodes did not present changes in fatty acid levels in leaves or seeds, indicating that the changes induced by aphids are not a general response to pests. One of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic acid, is the precursor of jasmonate; thus, these changes in fatty acid metabolism may be examples of “metabolic hijacking” by the aphid to avoid the induction of effective defenses. Based on the changes in fatty acid levels observed in seeds and leaves, we hypothesize that aphids potentially induce interference in the fatty acid desaturation pathway, likely reducing FAD2 and FAD6 activity that leads to a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our data support the idea that aphids block jasmonate-dependent defenses by reduction of the hormone precursor.

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Determining the duration of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) induced susceptibility effect in soybean

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones

Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones

BABA application improves soybean resistance to aphid through activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and callose deposition

Soybean Aphid Infestation Induces Changes in Fatty Acid Metabolism in Soybean

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