Abstract:Розроблено робочий процес для двигунів з іскровим запалюванням і безпосереднім впорскуванням палива, що забезпечує організацію розшарованого збідненого паливоповітряного заряду на часткових навантаженнях та потужносного складу паливоповітряної суміші на підвищених навантаженнях.Проведена модернізація конструкції двотактного двигуна з іскровим запалюванням шляхом установки системи безпосереднього впорскування палива, розміщення форсунки в стінці циліндра і зміни форми камери згоряння.
Розроблено методику провед… Show more
“…Despite some successful process intensification, the industry should overcome many obstacles to solve new issues for a continuous manufacturing approach [29][30][31][32].…”
Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing modular systems. Thus, there is a need to classify existing solutions to develop flexible systems based on them. The article contains the analysis of chemical industry development tendencies, a methodology of research of modular separation devices, and their classification by design and technological features. The study result is a design and technological classification with a code that can optimize various separation devices. As a result of experimental research, preliminary and acceptance tests of experimental samples, the main hydrodynamic and separation characteristics of modular separation devices and combined multifunctional separators are determined: hydraulic resistance 0.15-2.00 kPa for units and 15-30 kPa for devices; effective capture of particles from the size of 5 μm; efficiency of separate stages of modular separation devices is about 70-90 %; efficiency of combined multifunctional separators is approximately 99.5-99.9 %. The offered multipurpose separators equipped with dynamically regulated modular separation devices do not concede to world analogs by the main technical characteristics of combined multistage separators worldwide.
“…Despite some successful process intensification, the industry should overcome many obstacles to solve new issues for a continuous manufacturing approach [29][30][31][32].…”
Production range increasing causes many obstacles to ensure the work of the chemical industry. Production must respond quickly to the slightest change and must be customer-oriented. Due to this, there is a general trend towards increasing production flexibility by introducing modular systems. Thus, there is a need to classify existing solutions to develop flexible systems based on them. The article contains the analysis of chemical industry development tendencies, a methodology of research of modular separation devices, and their classification by design and technological features. The study result is a design and technological classification with a code that can optimize various separation devices. As a result of experimental research, preliminary and acceptance tests of experimental samples, the main hydrodynamic and separation characteristics of modular separation devices and combined multifunctional separators are determined: hydraulic resistance 0.15-2.00 kPa for units and 15-30 kPa for devices; effective capture of particles from the size of 5 μm; efficiency of separate stages of modular separation devices is about 70-90 %; efficiency of combined multifunctional separators is approximately 99.5-99.9 %. The offered multipurpose separators equipped with dynamically regulated modular separation devices do not concede to world analogs by the main technical characteristics of combined multistage separators worldwide.
“…Rather high technical-economic and environmental performance of the 1D 8.7/8.2 s DI SI engine when operating on gasoline was obtained [15]. An increase in engine parameters was due to effective interaction of gas exchange [16], mixture formation [17] and stratified fuel-air charge (FAC) combustion processes [18].…”
A thermodynamic model for calculating the operating process in the cylinder of a spark-ignition engine with internal mixture formation and stratified air-fuel charge based on the volume balance method was developed. The model takes into account the change in the working fluid volume during the piston movement in the cylinder.
The equation of volume balance of internal mixture formation processes during direct fuel injection into the engine cylinder was compiled. The equation takes into account the adiabatic change in the volume of the stratified air-fuel charge, consisting of fuel-air mixture volume and air volume. From the heat balance equation, the change in the fuel-air mixture volume during gasoline evaporation in the fuel stream and from the surface of the fuel film due to external heat transfer was determined.
Basic equations of combustion-expansion processes of the stratified air-fuel charge were derived, taking into account three zones corresponding to combustion products, fuel-air mixture and air volumes. The equation takes into account the change in the working fluid volume due to heat transfer and heat exchange between the zones and the walls of the above-piston volume. Dependences for determining the temperature in the three considered zones and pressure in the cylinder were obtained.
Graphs of changes in the volumes of the combustion products, fuel-air mixture and air zones with the change of the above-piston volume in partial load modes (n=3,000 rpm) were plotted. With increasing load from bmep=0.144 MPa to bmep=0.322 MPa, at the moment of fuel ignition, the volume of the fuel-air mixture increases from 70 % to 92 % of the above-piston volume. At the same time, the air volume decreases from 30 % to 8 %.
Analysis of theoretical and experimental indicator diagrams showed that discrepancies in the maximum combustion pressure do not exceed 5 %
“…Features of power units of hybrid and electric vehicles allow for the conclusion that that powertrains as a control object are characterized by a change in a structure, significant nonlinearity of their main elements, and parametric uncertainty [1][2][3][4]. The efficiency of using the power unit is determined by the characteristics of its automatic control system, which solves the following tasks: identifying the current state of power unit systems and units; predicting the traction speed mode of movement; selection of the optimal operating mode of the power unit, depending on its technical condition and the mode of vehicle Symmetry 2021, 13, 2356 2 of 13 movement; an optimal distribution of power flows between the units of the power unit at a given traction speed mode; the management of braking energy recovery, recharging and energy consumption of the storage device; stabilization of the specified operating modes of individual units of the power unit; providing a driver interface, simulating control of the base car [1,2,5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Along with the operational properties, it is important to prevent the consequences of a car fire [5] and the risks associated with it [6,7]. A possible application of various fire retardant technologies, such as the use of neutral gases and liquids, the introduction of temperature control systems as well as the emergency shutdown of the traction battery, and others [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The applied methods of analysis and synthesis of the control system do not pay enough attention to the multicriterion of the arising optimization problems of diagnostics. These circumstances do not allow for fully disclosing the potential of hybrid vehicles [1,2,5,17].…”
The article presents the results of a study performed and substantiated based on the principles of a new method of diagnostics of technical conditions of a hybrid powertrain regardless of the structural diagram and design features of a hybrid vehicle. The presented new technology of the diagnostics of hybrid powertrains allows an objective complex assessment of their technical condition by diagnostic parameters in contrast to existing diagnostic methods. In the proposed method, a mechanism for the general standardization of diagnostic parameters has been developed as well as for determining the numerical values of the parameters of the powertrain. The control subset was used to control the learning error. As a result of debugging the system, the scatter of experimental and calculated points has decreased, which confirms the quality of debugging the tested fuzzy model. As a result of training the artificial neural network, the standard deviation of the error in the control sample was 0.012·Pk. A symmetry method of diagnostics of the technical state of a hybrid propulsion system was developed based on the concept of a neural network together with a neuro-fuzzy control with an adaptive criteria based on the method of training a neural network with reinforcement. The components of the vector functional include the criteria for control accuracy, the use of traction battery energy, and the degree of toxicity of exhaust gases. It is proposed to use the principle of symmetry of the guaranteed result and the linear inversion of the vector criterion into a supercriterion to determine the technical state of a hybrid powertrain on a set of Pareto-optimal controls under unequal conditions of optimality.
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