Determining the Best Rainwater Harvesting System in Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting is one of the available solutions to overcome water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions with highly variable rainfall and unexpected periods of drought or floods. This study aims to identify the best rainwater harvesting system in Al-Muthanna governorate using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Landsat 8 images were used to produce the land use map which shows five different classes: water (0.2%), bare soil (82.11%), built-up (15.71%), forest (0.27%), and farmland and grass (1.71%). The results revealed that the rainwater harvesting system can be applied only in the north and north-eastern parts of the study area which consists of residential and agricultural areas and has a maximum monthly mean rainfall range of (85.32-157.21) mm. Rooftops, semi-circular bunds, and ponds are the most suitable systems for rainwater harvesting in Al-Muthanna. The rooftops system can provide 7000-13,500 litres of water for domestic purposes. Furthermore, if the water quality was low, it could be also used in agriculture practices or to irrigate home gardens.

Assessment of drinking water quality of some reverse osmosis (R.O) plants in Al-Diwaniya Governorate Iraq by CCME WQI

“…station 3 in October of the same year. Figure(10). In water before treatment, the lowest value of sodium was recorded at 14.10 mg/L at Station 10 in October and the highest value at 90.0 mg/L at Station 9 in October 2022, while for water after treatment, the lowest value of sodium was…”

Influence of Magaterium (Bacillus) Bacterial Biofertilizer on Phosphorus and Vermicompost on Selected Potato Physiological Characteristics

“…The results of the statistical analysis, Table (4), indicated that the effect of bacterial biofertilizer, phosphorus sources, vermicompost and their interactions had a significant effect on increasing the dry weight of the shoot (meg ha -1 ). Compared to the fertilization treatmentThe biological and bacterial B0, which gave the lowest average dry weight of the vegetative total, amounted to 3.91 (meg ha -1 ), and the addition of phosphorous sources had a significant effect on increasing the dry weight of the vegetative total (meg ha -1 ), and the highest value was for the treatment of the rock phosphorus source Phosphate P2 by giving the highest value to the total dry weightThe vegetative value amounted to 5.…”

“…Microorganisms have an important role in the distribution of phosphorus between the soil and plant systems, specifically in the rhizosphere, and Bacillus magaterium is the most efficient and most present in the soil Which converts phosphate from the unprepared form to the ready form. Also, these bacteria work to strengthen the plant's immunity against diseases through various mechanisms [4,5]. Phosphorus has a role in controlling the chemical and biological reactions of photosynthesis, respiration, and cell division, hence its importance for flowering, fruiting, seed IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/8/082046 2 formation, and root growth and development [6,7].Vermicompost, an organic fertilizer, increases soil nutrients, growth regulators, and enzymes, increasing productivity, improving soil physical and mineral properties, and creating a safe food production ecosystem by reducing mineral fertilization, which harms public health and the environment.…”

Delineation Suitable Rainwater Harvesting Sites in Wadi Al-Mohammadi, Iraq

“…Rainwater harvesting (WH) is the oldest-to-newest technology for collecting water from natural catchment areas to increase the water amount accessible in certain places [1]. There has been renewed interest in WH in recent decades, due to the increasing water demand for agriculture and urban development resulting from rising pressure of population and change in climate.…”