“…The methods that derive reserve levels from probabilistic forecasts present results using both security and economic metrics. Economic metrics are required to compute the cost-optimal reserve schedule, as demonstrated by [25].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The approach described in [25] addresses the problem of capturing the actual uncertainty of wind and load forecasts with a scenario forecasting approach. Wind power and load scenario forecasts are produced together to capture the correlation between the two and included a model of plant failure based on the frequency of historic failures as a proportion load.…”
In this paper we examine potential improvements in how load and generation forecast uncertainty is captured when setting reserve levels in power systems with significant renewable generation penetration and discuss the merit of proposed new methods in this area. One important difference between methods is whether reserves are defined based on the marginal distribution of forecast errors, as calculated from historic data, or whether the conditional distribution, specific to the time at which reserves are being scheduled, is used. This paper is a review of published current practice in markets which are at the leading edge of this problem, summarizing their experiences, and aligning it with academic modeling work. We conclude that the ultimate goal for all markets expected to manage high levels of renewable generation should be a reserve setting mechanism which utilizes the best understanding of meteorological uncertainties combined with traditional models of uncertainty arising from forced outages.
“…The methods that derive reserve levels from probabilistic forecasts present results using both security and economic metrics. Economic metrics are required to compute the cost-optimal reserve schedule, as demonstrated by [25].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The approach described in [25] addresses the problem of capturing the actual uncertainty of wind and load forecasts with a scenario forecasting approach. Wind power and load scenario forecasts are produced together to capture the correlation between the two and included a model of plant failure based on the frequency of historic failures as a proportion load.…”
In this paper we examine potential improvements in how load and generation forecast uncertainty is captured when setting reserve levels in power systems with significant renewable generation penetration and discuss the merit of proposed new methods in this area. One important difference between methods is whether reserves are defined based on the marginal distribution of forecast errors, as calculated from historic data, or whether the conditional distribution, specific to the time at which reserves are being scheduled, is used. This paper is a review of published current practice in markets which are at the leading edge of this problem, summarizing their experiences, and aligning it with academic modeling work. We conclude that the ultimate goal for all markets expected to manage high levels of renewable generation should be a reserve setting mechanism which utilizes the best understanding of meteorological uncertainties combined with traditional models of uncertainty arising from forced outages.
“…In addition to the uncertainties caused by generation outage, many investigations have considered uncertainties in wind power forecasting for power systems with a large portion of wind power generation [12][13][14][15][16]. If there is high penetration of wind generation in a power system, the forecasting error cannot be ignored regarding the uncertainties in the supply of power.…”
Abstract:The use of appropriate hourly reserve margins can maintain power system security by balancing supply and demand in the presence of errors in the forecast demand, generation outages, or errors in the forecast of wind power generation. Because the cost of unit commitment increases with larger reserve margins, cost analysis to determine the most economical reserve margin is an important issue in power system operation. Here, we define the "short-term reliability of balance" and describe a method to determine the reserve margin based on the short-term reliability of balance. We describe a case study, in which we calculate the reserve margin using this method with various standards of short-term reliability of balance. A cost analysis is then performed to determine the most economic standard, and a comparison between our method and a conventional method is carried out. The results show that our method with an economic short-term reliability of balance enables more reliable and efficient operation of the power system. Moreover, with an hourly reserve margin, we show that an increase in wind power generation can result in a significant decrease in the operating cost, which makes wind power generation economically viable.
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