Determining oxidative stability of battery electrolytes: validity of common electrochemical stability window (ESW) data and alternative strategies

Kasnatscheew, Johannes; Streipert, Benjamin; Röser, Stephan; Wagner, Ralf; Laskovic, Isidora Cekic; Winter, Martin

doi:10.1039/c7cp03072j

Cited by 114 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…An approach to tackle this problem might be positive electrode pre-lithiation additives. [137,138]. This property makes LNMO an interesting candidate for high voltage applications [139].…”

Section: Over-lithiated Positive Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, the LIB can be cycled in the "standard" potential range, that only the lithium in the tetrahedral sites is reversibly used [137]. LNMO is a high voltage positive electrode material, which needs charging up to 5 V vs. Li/Li + , in comparison to LMO, where an upper charge potential of only 4.3 V vs. Li/Li + applies [137,138]. This property makes LNMO an interesting candidate for high voltage applications [139].…”

Section: Over-lithiated Positive Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.

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“…An approach to tackle this problem might be positive electrode pre-lithiation additives. [137,138]. This property makes LNMO an interesting candidate for high voltage applications [139].…”

Section: Over-lithiated Positive Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Over-lithiated Positive Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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“…The most commonly used electrolytes consist of carbonate‐containing liquid electrolytes with lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) as conducting salt. The main disadvantage of both carbonate‐based solvents and LiPF 6 salt is their sensitivity to moisture in addition to insufficient thermal and safety aspects ,. An alternative to LiPF 6 is lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on a Silicon Nanowire Anode in Liquid Disiloxane Electrolyte with Nitrile End Groups for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Horowitz

Ben‐Barak

Schneier

et al. 2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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The chemical compatibility of the various compounds and elements used in lithium‐based batteries dictates their safe operation parameters and performance. The lithium salt Li‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) has many advantages over the common LiPF6 salt as it does not react with water impurities to form, for example, hydrofluoric acid. To further accommodate safe‐operation chemistry, we use a non‐volatile disiloxane‐based solvent 1,3‐bis(cyanopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (TmdSx‐CN). This is a liquid disiloxane functionalized with terminal nitrile groups. In this paper, we report on the electrochemical characterization and the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of 1 mol kg−1 LiTFSI dissolved in TmdSx‐CN in silicon‐lithium batteries. Specifically, we study the SEI formation on silicon nanowire anodes and its composition by several ex‐situ surface techniques (XPS, SEM), and in‐situ via polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS). We evaluate the potential application of TmdSx‐CN to silicon‐lithium batteries and conclude that the addition of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) at low concentrations (10 wt %) is essential to the formation of an effective SEI. We anticipate that our study will encourage the investigation, design and use of siloxane‐based solvents as safer alternatives to common solvents used in Li‐ion batteries, and specifically as candidate solvents in Li‐metal and silicon‐anode based batteries.

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“…[23][24][25] In the case of the LFP electrode, the surface film is expected to be much less significant compared to the anode, primarily due to the low operating potential which limits the onset of electrolyte oxidation. 26 It is possible that the different compositions of SEI and CEI on the electrodes can lead to different energies for the de-solvation process. It is reasonable to assume that, even if the solvation energy is affected by the different SEI and CEI interphases, the cause for large E a difference should still be attributed to the different SEI and CEI associated with their respective electrodes.…”

Section: Differentiating LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Limiting Li⁺Charge Transfer Kinetics in Li-Ion Batteries

Jow

Delp

Allen

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

303

190

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Understanding the factors limiting Li + charge transfer kinetics in Li-ion batteries is essential in improving the rate performance, especially at lower temperatures. The Li + charge transfer process involved in the lithium intercalation of graphite anode includes the step of de-solvation of the solvated Li + in the liquid electrolyte and the step of transport of Li + in the preformed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on electrodes until the Li + accepts an electron at the electrode and becomes a Li in the electrode. Whether the de-solvation process or the Li + transport through the SEI is a limiting step depends on the nature of the interphases at the electrode and electrolyte interfaces. Several examples involving the electrode materials such as graphite, lithium titanate (LTO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and solid Li + conductor such as lithium lanthanum titanate or Li-Al-Ti-phosphate are reviewed and discussed to clarify the conditions at which either the de-solvation or the transport of Li + in SEI is dominating and how the electrolyte components affect the activation energy of Li + charge transfer kinetics. How the electrolyte additives impact the Li + charge transfer kinetics at both the anode and the cathode has been examined at the same time in 3-electrode full cells. The resulting impact on Li + charge transfer resistance, R ct , and activation energy, E a , at both electrodes are reported and discussed. To improve the power performance of Li-ion batteries, it is important to understand the factors that limit the Li + charge transfer kinetics. Li-ion batteries comprised of a graphite anode and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode in an electrolyte consisting of 1 M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)-dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-diethyl carbonate (DEC) carbonate solvent mixture could not deliver their room temperature capacity at a rate of C/2 at −30 and −40• C. 1 When DEC was replaced by a linear ester solvent, such as ethyl acetate (EA) or methyl butyrate (MB), the Li-ion batteries at −30 and −40• C could deliver over 80% of their room temperature capacity at the same rate.2 When the LiPF 6 salt is replaced by lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) in EC-ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1 wt ratio) carbonate solvent mixture, the impedance of the graphite-electrolyte interface measured using graphite/Li half cells in the electrolyte with LiBOB is three times that in the electrolyte with LiPF 6 .3 These examples illustrate that the electrolyte components play crucial roles in affecting Li + charge transfer kinetics in Li-ion batteries.The Li + charge transfer process starts from the solvated Li + in the electrolyte to the reception of an electron (e − ) from the electrode and becomes Li (i.e., Li x C in graphitic anodes). This involves the desolvation step of Li + before entering into a layer of solid electrolyte interphases, or SEI, that is often referred to that on the anode such as carbonaceous materials, and the diffusion step of Li + through the SEI, which is pre-form...

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Determining oxidative stability of battery electrolytes: validity of common electrochemical stability window (ESW) data and alternative strategies

Cited by 114 publications

References 46 publications

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Study of the Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on a Silicon Nanowire Anode in Liquid Disiloxane Electrolyte with Nitrile End Groups for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Factors Limiting Li⁺Charge Transfer Kinetics in Li-Ion Batteries

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Determining oxidative stability of battery electrolytes: validity of common electrochemical stability window (ESW) data and alternative strategies

Cited by 114 publications

References 46 publications

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Study of the Formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on a Silicon Nanowire Anode in Liquid Disiloxane Electrolyte with Nitrile End Groups for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Factors Limiting Li+Charge Transfer Kinetics in Li-Ion Batteries

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Factors Limiting Li⁺Charge Transfer Kinetics in Li-Ion Batteries