Determining optimum harvest time under Mediterranean conditions: developing a new model for measuring L-malic acid concentration in red grapes

Olego, Miguel Ángel; Álvarez, Jessica Capón; Tobes, A.; Paz, José Miguel de; Coque, Juan José R.; Garzón-Jimeno, Enrique

doi:10.1111/ajgw.12181

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The other two models incorporate Tair _ max and DDover35 instead, and may serve as reduced malate synthesis target in combination with the accelerated catabolic rate. Recently, Olego et al (2015) developed a model for measuring MA concentration in red grapes in order to determine the optimum harvest time under Mediterranean conditions. The study reported a negative correlation between MA content and temperature variables; i.e., the daily thermic integral and the Huglin index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a weak negative correlation with the daily thermal range from véraison to the sampling time (R = 0.18) was observed. Consequently, in a study by Olego et al (2015), none of the temperature parameters was selected as a significant predictor for modelling MA. Indeed, the model uses some grape juice parameters resulting from the destructive analysis of ripening grapes, such as pH and tartaric acid, together with precipitation from harvest time to sampling time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling malic acid dynamics to ensure quality, aroma and freshness of Pinot blanc wines in South Tyrol (Italy)

Michelini¹,

Tomada

Kadison³

et al. 2021

OENO One

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Pinot blanc is a leading grapevine variety in South Tyrol (Italy) for wine production. The high quality of its wines derives from a typical aroma of elegant apple notes and lively acidity. The typicity of the final wine depends on the origin of the vine, the soil, the oenological practices and time of harvest. The South Tyrolean mountainous areas meet the cold climatic requirements of Pinot blanc, which guarantee its sweet-acidic harmony obtained when organic acids are in balance with the other components of the wine. However, increasing temperatures in valley sites during the berry development period boost the activity of malic acid (MA) enzymes, which negatively affect the final sugar/acid ratio. Researchers are currently focused on understanding acid dynamics in wines, and there are no references for the best sugar/acid ratio for Pinot blanc. Moreover, the contribution of individual acids to the sensory profile of this wine has not yet been studied. In this study we address the effect of different climate conditions and site elevations on the sugar/acid ratio in developmental grapevine berries, and we evaluate the effect on wine bouquet. Even if different models and indices have been proposed for predicting sugar content, no predictive models exist for MA in white grapes. In a three-year study (2017, 2018 and 2019) that involved eight vineyards in four different location in South Tyrol at various elevations ranging from 223 to 730 m a.s.l., the relationships between bioclimatic indices, such as growing-degree day (GDD) and grapevine sugar ripeness (GSR) and grapevine berry content were investigated. The analysis reveals that GDD may potentially predict MA dynamics in Pinot blanc; hence, a GDD-based model was used to determine the GDD to reach target MA concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 g/L). This simple model was improved with additional temperature-based parameters by feature selection, and the best three advanced models were selected and evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. These models could be used to support location and harvest date choice to produce high-quality Pinot blanc wines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling malic acid dynamics to ensure quality, aroma and freshness of Pinot blanc wines in South Tyrol (Italy)

Michelini¹,

Tomada

Kadison³

et al. 2021

OENO One

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“…Para el caso de la uva (Olego et al, 2016 presentan un modelo para la planificación del corte y la optimización de la recolección de la cantidad exacta de cabezas de brócoli aprovechables por fecha de cosecha. (Brotons, Manera, Conesa & Porras, 2015) realizan un estudio para maximizar los beneficios obtenidos por los productores de limón en función del tiempo de cosecha de la fruta.…”

Section: Tiempo Oportuno De Cosechaunclassified

Modelo para asignación de máquinas cosechadoras a cultivos de arroz

2019

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En Colombia las pequeñas plantaciones de arroz deben asociarse con otras cercanas para diluir los costos fijos de cosecha. Estas asociaciones contratan con terceros las máquinas combinadas que son las encargadas de hacer la siega, la trilla y la limpieza del grano. En la búsqueda de la eficiencia se debe gestionar de manera centralizada el proceso de programación de las fechas en que cada cultivo será atendido por las máquinas combinadas, considerando las diferentes eficiencias de las máquinas, las condiciones del terreno y los sobrecostos por violar las ventanas de tiempo asociadas al tiempo de cosecha de los cultivos. En tal sentido, el presente trabajo desarrolla una propuesta de gestión para abordar la problemática descrita, basada en un modelo de programación lineal entero, el cual minimiza los costos de la cosecha que se realiza a tiempo y los costos por cosechar los cultivos en momentos prematuros o anticipados. El modelo fue validado en una de las asociaciones, en donde se obtuvieron resultados que reducen en 7,04% el costo total de asignación de maquinaria.

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“…Much of the interest in l ‐malate biosensors stems from the importance of this compound in winemaking, and here there is additional complexity. During grape maturation, l ‐malate decreases rapidly from approximately 200 mM to 30–50 mM and this change can inform harvesting decisions (Olego et al, 2015 ; Volschenk et al, 2006 ). However, when malolactic fermentation is used during winemaking, it becomes important to monitor a different concentration range, from 5–10 mM down to 1 mM or less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enzyme‐centric approach for constructing an amperometric l‐malate biosensor with a long and programmable linear range

Matthews

Patrick

2023

Protein Science

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L‐Malate is a key flavour enhancer and acidulant in the food and beverage industry, particularly winemaking. Enzyme‐based amperometric biosensors offer convenience for monitoring its concentration. However, only a small number of off‐the‐shelf malate‐oxidising enzymes have been used in previous devices. These typically have linear ranges poorly suited for the L‐malate concentrations found in fruit processing and winemaking, making it necessary to use precisely diluted samples. Here we describe a pipeline of database‐mining, gene synthesis, recombinant expression and spectrophotometric assays to characterise previously‐untested enzymes for their suitability in biosensors. The pipeline yielded a bespoke biocatalyst—the Ascaris suum malic enzyme carrying mutation R181Q [AsME(R181Q)]. Our first prototype with AsME(R181Q) had an ultra‐wide linear range of 50‐200 mM L‐malate, corresponding to concentrations found in undiluted fruit juices (including grape). Changing the dication from Mg2+ to Mn2+ increased sensitivity five‐fold and adding citrate (100 mM) increased it another six‐fold, albeit decreasing the linear range to 1‐10 mM. To our knowledge, this is the first time an L‐malate biosensor with a tuneable combination of sensitivity and linear range has been described. The sensor response was also tested in the presence of various molecules abundant in juices and wines, with ascorbate shown to be a potent interferent. Interference was mitigated by the addition of ascorbate oxidase, allowing for differential measurements on an undiluted, untreated wine sample that corresponded well with commercial L‐malate testing kits. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of an enzyme‐centric approach for designing electrochemical biosensors with improved operational parameters and novel functionality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Determining optimum harvest time under Mediterranean conditions: developing a new model for measuring L-malic acid concentration in red grapes

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Modeling malic acid dynamics to ensure quality, aroma and freshness of Pinot blanc wines in South Tyrol (Italy)

Modeling malic acid dynamics to ensure quality, aroma and freshness of Pinot blanc wines in South Tyrol (Italy)

Modelo para asignación de máquinas cosechadoras a cultivos de arroz

An enzyme‐centric approach for constructing an amperometric l‐malate biosensor with a long and programmable linear range

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