Determining national greenhouse gas emissions from waste-to-energy using the Balance Method

Schwarzböck, Therese; Rechberger, Helmut; Cencic, Oliver; Fellner, Johann

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.025

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As for one facility (WtE plant D) the required operating data are incomplete or connected with significant measurement errors, the analysis for this particular plant is reduced to 7 months where reasonable (plausible) operating data are available. The procedure for the application of the Balance Method to the operating data of the WtE plants is described in detail in Schwarzböck et al (2016). Based on the calculated composition of the waste feed of each plant (using the Balance Method) and their respective annual waste throughput the total amount of waste plastics thermally recovered in 2014 in Austria is determined within the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the amount of waste plastics in the feed of Austrian waste-to-energy facilities

et al. 2016

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Although thermal recovery of waste plastics is widely practiced in many European countries, reliable information on the amount of waste plastics in the feed of waste-to-energy plants is rare. In most cases the amount of plastics present in commingled waste, such as municipal solid waste, commercial, or industrial waste, is estimated based on a few waste sorting campaigns, which are of limited significance with regard to the characterisation of plastic flows. In the present study, an alternative approach, the so-called Balance Method, is used to determine the total amount of plastics thermally recovered in Austria's waste incineration facilities in 2014. The results indicate that the plastics content in the waste feed may vary considerably among different plants but also over time. Monthly averages determined range between 8 and 26 wt% of waste plastics. The study reveals an average waste plastics content in the feed of Austria's waste-to-energy plants of 16.5 wt%, which is considerably above findings from sorting campaigns conducted in Austria. In total, about 385 kt of waste plastics were thermally recovered in all Austrian waste-to-energy plants in 2014, which equals to 45 kg plastics cap -1 . In addition, the amount of plastics co-combusted in industrial plants yields a total thermal utilisation rate of 70 kg cap -1 a -1 for Austria. This is significantly above published rates, for example, in Germany reported rates for 2013 are in the range of only 40 kg of waste plastics combusted per capita.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the amount of waste plastics in the feed of Austrian waste-to-energy facilities

et al. 2016

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“…1). 55,57 Although the range considered here is representative of the seasonal variation in biogenic CO 2 emissions, it is important to notice that biogenic CO 2 emissions from incinerators have a significant seasonal variability due to the changes in municipal solid waste composition along the year. 56 We consider wastewater facilities, 53 where wastewater is treated through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas.…”

Section: Assessment Of Biogenic Co 2 Emissions From Existing Point Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of carbon dioxide removal potentialviaBECCS in a carbon-neutral Europe

Rosa

Sanchez

Mazzotti

2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

140

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“…Cement sustainability initiative target (CSIt): WBCSD [25] target for CO2 emissions reduction, at -18.7% of BAU CO2 emissions per ton of clinker (-24% net CO2 emissions) before carbon capture. This is achieved through higher shares (up to 37%) of alternative fuels utilised (assuming the CO2 fuel emissions presented by [31] and the waste emissions measured by [32]), and improving technology efficiency.…”

Section: Power-to-x Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the global cement industry and opportunities for long-term sustainable CCU potential for Power-to-X

Farfan

Fasihi

Breyer

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

116

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In order to achieve targets set by the Paris Agreement and limit global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, an assessment and a low carbon transformation is needed for all types of human activities. Cement production is associated with high levels of CO2 emissions, with an average of 866 kg of CO2 emitted per ton of cement produced. This positions the cement industry as one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions accounting for about 5% of the total, right after the chemical industry and more relevant than the iron and steel industry. About 50% of the emissions are caused by burnt fuel, related transport and other inputs, which can be currently substituted by other measures. However, the CO2 emissions which originate from input limestone cannot be avoided. These process CO2 emissions present a potential for carbon capture and utilisation. This research proposes a global potential analysis of CCU as a possible solution for the CO2 emissions of cement production. Cement CCU may establish a substantial route to use CO2 for synthetic hydrocarbons production and thus contribute towards mitigating the nonsubstitutable CO2 content of the limestone-based raw material. The production of renewable electricity based synthetic hydrocarbon fuels by CO2 captured from cement plants, counts for a potential to produce between 3639 TWhth and 7355 TWhth of liquid hydrocarbons, or 6298 TWhth and 12723 TWhth of synthetic natural gas, or a mix of both at the expected global cement peak production in 2040.

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Determining national greenhouse gas emissions from waste-to-energy using the Balance Method

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Determining the amount of waste plastics in the feed of Austrian waste-to-energy facilities

Determining the amount of waste plastics in the feed of Austrian waste-to-energy facilities

Assessment of carbon dioxide removal potentialviaBECCS in a carbon-neutral Europe

Trends in the global cement industry and opportunities for long-term sustainable CCU potential for Power-to-X

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