Determining minimum number and placement of fault detectors in transmission network for fault location observability

A Travelling Wave-Based Fault Location Strategy Using the Concepts of Metric Dimension and Vertex Covers in a Graph

“…The methodology of the optimal placement of detectors (see Section III) was applied to the graph representation of the IEEE-30 distribution system (see Fig. 10) and the optimal placement of detectors was determined to be at buses 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 24, 26, 27, 28 and 30. In order to benchmark the proposed alternative travelling wave fault locating algorithm, the fault location generated by the online algorithm was compared to that the results obtained in [30]. Table 1 shows transmission line lengths and wavepropagation time adopted from [30].…”

“…where 𝑇 𝑢𝑣 * is the transmission time of 𝑃 𝑢𝑣 * [30]. In the second case, a fault occurs externally and the travelling wave first reaches one of the detectors, say 𝑢 and then moves along the shortest 𝑢 − 𝑣 path towards 𝑣.…”

“…The fault occurs along one of these 𝑟 paths, say 𝑃 𝑢𝑣 𝑖 . Thus the fault occurrence time 𝑡 0 𝑖 [30] can be found by calculating…”

“…The fault from [30] on line 2 − 6 with inception time of 10ms was simulated for new detector placements at buses 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 24, 26, 27, 28 and 30. The fault occurred at a distance of 200 km along the line 2 − 6 from bus 2.…”

A Simulink Model for Transmission Line Fault Detection

“…Continuous power in the system is important because as faults continue to occur without being accounted for, power quality continues to degrade over transmission lines. With this, fast and accurate detection is required to be able to ensure stability, performance, and efficiency [15]. As transmission networks consist of numerous lines, fault location using fault detectors are extremely costly.…”