Determining Mechanical Properties of Industrial Catalysts : Correlations With Their Morphological and Physical-Chemical Properties.

Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Oxalate Using Extruded Cu/SiO2 Catalysts: Mechanical Strength and Catalytic Performance

“…For the extrusion of catalyst, the early literature consists of mainly one-parameter experimental reports for the purpose of increasing the mechanical strength. − There were some studies discussing the stress state in the pellets leading to strength failure . The statistical properties of the strength data in general also have been the topics of a series of publications. − Some authors have tried to analyze the nature of the catalyst mechanical strength, However, there has been a lack of the literature on establishing a correlation between mechanic strength and physicochemical properties and the explanation on the fracture of brittle materials. Despite many reports on the synthesis, properties, and catalytic applications of the Cu/SiO 2 catalyst, ,,, little information can be found in the open literature about its agglomeration.…”

Effect of Secondary Additives on the Properties of Vanadium-Aluminum Mixed Oxide Catalysts Used in the Oxidation of Propane

“…As already mentioned, besides reactivity, technical catalysts are also assessed in terms of their mechanical strength. 2,9,10,22,[28][29][30] Recalling our results on this property, Figures 1 and 3 and Table S1, the eventual use of tablets formulated with sepiolite and boron nitride in a fixed-bed unit would be a good trade-off between reactivity and mechanical resistance because the latter was higher as compared to the mechanical resistance of the tablets made with the powder of the vanadiumaluminum mixed oxide. Furthermore, as we reported earlier 34 the continuous production of VAlO tablets was impracticable hence the use of graphite or of another type of lubricant is mandatory.…”

“…Shaping is a must for technical catalysts and its importance cannot be overstated. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] As Armor pointed out in his 2005 essay: Do you really have a better catalyst?, 16 "It is important to remember that there is an overall rate (of reaction) determined by catalyst composition, catalyst shape/structure, porosity, and additives; sometimes an extremely active powder may be difficult to formulate into a commercial product which fits the reactor conditions." Therefore, technical catalysts are shaped bodies that possess the catalytic functionalities needed for high costeffective processes and that have adequate qualities for fitting specific reactor types, configurations, and conditions.…”

“…Therefore, technical catalysts are shaped bodies that possess the catalytic functionalities needed for high costeffective processes and that have adequate qualities for fitting specific reactor types, configurations, and conditions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] To fulfill these requirements, they have to possess convenient composition, size, geometry, and porosity that provide mechanical resistance, thermal, and chemical resilience. When a promising catalyst powder is identified in the laboratory, the scaling-up of its production includes designing a series of unit operations for shaping it.…”

“…The catalytic powder is often combined with other substances that may serve as binders, lubricants, plasticizers, compaction agents, porogeneous agents, and other additives promoting chemical reactivity or stability during the forming operation that leads to shaping. 2,7,9,12,13 The formulation of a technical catalyst hence consists of making an adequate selection of these substances and devising their relative composition in the formulation while keeping in mind the method selected for the forming operation. 2,4,5,11,14,17,18 Conventional forming operations are spray-drying, granulation, extrusion, and tableting (or pelleting).…”