Determining Maximum Push-off Velocity in Swimming Using Accelerometers

Stamm, Andy; James, Daniel; Burkett, Brendan; Hagem, Rabee M.; Thiel, David V.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.067

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Limited studies have used inertial sensors to study turns in swimming, all using sensors positioned on the lower back [ 47 , 56 , 68 , 69 , 82 ]. One study demonstrated that key features of the frontcrawl flip turn such as the instant of wall push-off and rotation can be detected using an accelerometer [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stamm, James, Burkett, Hagem and Thiel [ 82 ] offered a novel methodology to provide a more specific analysis of aspects of the turn, using an acceleration signal to detect push-off velocity. In this study, the sensor was orientated such that the Y-axis represented the direction of travel and the total acceleration was also determined as part of the velocity determination process, which involved integration of the acceleration data ( Figure 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review

Mooney

Corley

Godfrey

et al. 2015

Sensors

115

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Technical evaluation of swimming performance is an essential factor of elite athletic preparation. Novel methods of analysis, incorporating body worn inertial sensors (i.e., Microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, accelerometers and gyroscopes), have received much attention recently from both research and commercial communities as an alternative to video-based approaches. This technology may allow for improved analysis of stroke mechanics, race performance and energy expenditure, as well as real-time feedback to the coach, potentially enabling more efficient, competitive and quantitative coaching. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature related to the use of inertial sensors for the technical analysis of swimming performance. This paper focuses on providing an evaluation of the accuracy of different feature detection algorithms described in the literature for the analysis of different phases of swimming, specifically starts, turns and free-swimming. The consequences associated with different sensor attachment locations are also considered for both single and multiple sensor configurations. Additional information such as this should help practitioners to select the most appropriate systems and methods for extracting the key performance related parameters that are important to them for analysing their swimmers’ performance and may serve to inform both applied and research practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review

Mooney

Corley

Godfrey

et al. 2015

Sensors

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent developments in water-resistant, commercially available tri-axial accelerometers provide opportunities for continuous monitoring of multiple swimmers with high reliability. Various studies have examined the use of accelerometers for the determination of lap time, stroke count and stroke rate for various stroke types [8,10,11,12,13]. For instance, Davey [11] showed that lap times derived from accelerometers were significantly more accurate than manually collected data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Tri-Axial Accelerometry in Daily Elite Swim Training Practice

Ganzevles

Vullings

Beek

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Background: Coaches in elite swimming carefully design the training programs of their swimmers and are keen on achieving strict adherence to those programs by their athletes. At present, coaches usually monitor the compliance of their swimmers to the training program with a stopwatch. However, this measurement clearly limits the monitoring possibilities and is subject to human error. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the reliability and practical usefulness of tri-axial accelerometers for monitoring lap time, stroke count and stroke rate in swimming. Methods: In the first part of the study, a 1200 m warm-up swimming routine was measured in 13 elite swimmers using tri-axial accelerometers and synchronized video recordings. Reliability was determined using the typical error of measurement (TEM) as well as a Bland-Altman analysis. In the second part, training compliance both within and between carefully prescribed training sessions was assessed in four swimmers in order to determine the practical usefulness of the adopted accelerometric approach. In these sessions, targets were set for lap time and stroke count by the coach. Results: The results indicated high reliability for lap time (TEM = 0.26 s, bias = 0.74 [0.56 0.91] with limits of agreement (LoA) from −1.20 [−1.50 −0.90] to 2.70 [2.40 3.00]), stroke count (TEM 0.73 strokes, bias = 0.46 [0.32 0.60] with LoA from −1.70 [−1.94 −1.46] to 2.60 [2.36 2.84]) and stroke rate (TEM 0.72 str∙min−1, bias = −0.13 [−0.20 −0.06] with LoA from −2.20 [−2.32 −2.08] to 1.90 [1.78 2.02]), while the results for the monitoring of training compliance demonstrated the practical usefulness of our approach in daily swimming training. Conclusions: The daily training of elite swimmers can be accurately and reliably monitored using tri-axial accelerometers. They provide the coach with more useful information to guide and control the training process than hand-clocked times.

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“…Changes in sensor orientation contaminate the acceleration data as a result of the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, a large error is introduced when integrating acceleration into speed (Stamm, James, Burkett, Hagem, & Thiel, 2013). Analysis of the higher derivatives of the position such as acceleration and jerk may be instrumental to overcome these problems of feedback and orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in swimming smoothness between elite and non-elite swimmers

Ganzevles

Beek

Daanen

et al. 2019

Sports Biomechanics

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The aim of the study was to investigate whether jerk cost (JC) can discriminate between swimming levels. Nine elite and nine non-elite swimmers swam a 50-m front-crawl sprint wearing a 3D accelerometer on their back between the inferior angles of the scapulae. Lap times and JC were calculated from the acceleration signal and compared between groups and between swimmers within a group. The elite swimmers swam significantly faster lap times than the non-elite swimmers (p < 0.001). They did so with significantly lower levels of JC compared to the non-elite swimmers (p = 0.005). Furthermore, a stepwise multiple linear regression showed JC accounted for 32.9% of the variation in lap time of the elite swimmers. These results indicate that it is possible to discriminate elite from non-elite swimmers using JC: elite swimmers swim with lower JCs than non-elite swimmers. Additionally, swimming at higher speed is associated with more accelerations and decelerations in both elite and non-elite swimmers, which is reflected by higher JCs and lower smoothness. In sum, JC provides an index of swimming technique that is easy to use in training practice. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Determining Maximum Push-off Velocity in Swimming Using Accelerometers

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review

Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review

Using Tri-Axial Accelerometry in Daily Elite Swim Training Practice

Differences in swimming smoothness between elite and non-elite swimmers

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