Determining maximal safe needling depth based on anthropometric measurements: Focusing on acupoint GB21

Chu, Hongmin; Kang, Geon; Park, Seongjun; Kim, Jae-Hyun; Jang, Jongwon; Park, Kyungtae; Ha, Won-Bae

doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2018.05.006

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Two of the subjects in this study had BMI of 29.4 and 18.4, respectively. The depth differences between these two in the GB21, LV21, and BL43 points showed a similar positive linear correlation, just as Chou et al [12] and Chu et al found that the safety depth was not only positively correlated with BMI, but also positively correlated with other anthropometric data [27]. In addition, Chen measured the safety depth of 60 subjects with ultrasound on the GB21 point at 17.4 mm for males and 14.6 mm for females, which is far from the average depth measured in the six subjects in this study with LELTEK (28.7 mm) and UFA (32.4 mm).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Development and Evaluation of Inexpensive Ultrasound Using A-Mode and M-Mode Signals to Identify Lung Depth and Avoid Risk of Pneumothorax in Acupuncture

et al. 2020

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Purpose To increase patient safety, ultrasound detection acupuncture (UDA) has been developed, which can detect a safe depth for acupuncturists to avoid causing pneumothorax. This study aims to develop and evaluate a single-transducer ultrasound for acupuncture (UFA) to promote UDA. Methods Special A-mode and M-mode signals were analyzed to identify the depth of the lung. Six subjects were recruited to test the reliability and validity of UFA on GB21, LV14 and BL43 acupuncture points. Results The result showed UFA’s coefficient of variation was less than 0.2 and no difference in age, gender, and BMI of the subjects statistically, demonstrating excellent reliability. However, the content validity index of 0.51 did not meet expectations. UFA has good reliability, but it cannot reach the level of medical ultrasound. UFA uses A-mode and the seashore sign of M-mode to make a good identification of the lung, and it would be useful in the promotion of UDA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Development and Evaluation of Inexpensive Ultrasound Using A-Mode and M-Mode Signals to Identify Lung Depth and Avoid Risk of Pneumothorax in Acupuncture

et al. 2020

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“…Three clinical studies were conducted for construction of the "Standard Ultrasound Image of Acupoint (SUA) database." [1,3,7] In brief, these studies were conducted in healthy participants in the 20s and 30s age groups. A multidisciplinary specialty research team composed of specialties such as Korean medicine rehabilitation, acupuncture and moxibustion medicine, and pathognomy, selected 44 high-risk acupoints and established a standard operating procedure for acquisition of SUA [7].…”

Section: Standard Ultrasound Image Using the Standard Ultrasound Imag...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study is significant in that it is the first study to analyze the needling depth and anatomical characteristics of acupoint CV23 using ultrasound. In addition, the determination that a characteristic of acupoint CV23 (different from other acupoints) is that it does not show a correlation with BMI or anthropometric factors [3,4]. Therefore, rather than predicting the needling depth according to the patient's BMI for example, without consideration of individual cases, visual observation of the surrounding anatomical structures with ultrasound is expected to contribute to the safe practice of acupuncture procedures.…”

Section: Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggest that rather than using a set depth for needling it is safer to use anthropometric measurements (such as neck circumference and shoulder width) and ultrasound guidance [1,3]. For example, in the case of obesity a high correlation was observed between the use of ultrasound and safe needling practice [1,3]. In a study on acupoint CV12, the liver was observed in 62.7% of the patients' ultrasound images [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Observational Study on the Anatomical Characteristics of Acupoint CV23 (Lianquan) with Ultrasonography

Chu¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

PIM

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Background: Acupoint CV23 is one of the most commonly used acupoints for the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and tongue pain. However, care must be taken during the procedure to consider the position of glands and blood vessels in the subcutaneous space of the acupoint. Needling depths to the geniohyoid muscle reportedly range from 0.4 to 3.3 cm. Using ultrasound imaging, we aimed to observe the anatomical characteristics around acupoint CV23 to derive a safe needling depth.Methods: Ultrasound images of acupoint CV23 accessed from the Standard Ultrasound Image of Acupoint database were retrospectively analyzed for 30 participants aged in their 20s and 30s (15 male, 15 female), and the depth from the skin to the geniohyoid muscle was measured. Correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors (such as neck circumference) were analyzed.Results: The average needling depth to the geniohyoid muscle was 1.59 ± 0.49 cm (male; 1.43 ± 0.52 cm, female, 1.75 ± 0.42 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.03). The geniohyoid muscle, anterior digastric muscles, and genioglossus muscle were observed in the subcutaneous area of acupoint CV23, and a risk of sublingual gland damage needs to be considered for oblique insertion of the acupuncture needle. No statistically significant correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors were observed.Conclusion: Acupoint CV23 has a relatively shallow needling depth, and considering the presence of blood vessels and glands in the sublingual space, visualizing the surrounding anatomical structures using ultrasound was helpful to ensure safe needling practice.

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Determining maximal safe needling depth based on anthropometric measurements: Focusing on acupoint GB21

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Development and Evaluation of Inexpensive Ultrasound Using A-Mode and M-Mode Signals to Identify Lung Depth and Avoid Risk of Pneumothorax in Acupuncture

Development and Evaluation of Inexpensive Ultrasound Using A-Mode and M-Mode Signals to Identify Lung Depth and Avoid Risk of Pneumothorax in Acupuncture

An Observational Study on the Anatomical Characteristics of Acupoint CV23 (Lianquan) with Ultrasonography

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