Determining heavy metals in spent compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and their waste management challenges: Some strategies for improving current conditions

Taghipour, Hassan; Amjad, Zahra; Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari; Gholampour, Akbar; Nowrouz, Parviz

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.010

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In recent years, because of a 75% reduction in energy usage, a 10-fold increase in useful life, affordable price, and being eco-friendly, CFL lamps are used extensively, in spite of good performance of other types such as light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. They have also become a popular lighting choice instead of incandescent lamps in Iran because of removal of energy subsidies, increasing electricity prices, implementing policies of energy consumption reduction, and encouraging people to use CFLs (Taghipour et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to mercury vapor in a compact fluorescent lamp factory: Evaluation of personal, ambient air, and biological monitoring

et al. 2019

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Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have become a popular lighting choice in recent years despite the good performance of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. The CFLs that have been produced recently contain 1.5-3.5 mg Hg/lamp. There is evidence that even low doses of mercury are toxic. This study aimed to assess occupational exposure to mercury vapor in workers of a CFLs factory by determining mercury levels in personal and ambient air samples and urine of workers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 workers in a CFLs factory in Iran. Personal and ambient air sampling of mercury vapor levels (MVLs) was performed during a workday. In total, 10 personal samples and 10 ambient air samples of mercury vapor were collected simultaneously from different units of the factory. Urine samples were collected before the work shift. Samples were analyzed using a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CVAAS). The mean of the MVLs in the personal and ambient air samples was 14.78 + 5.76 and 67.10 + 59.37 mg.m À3 , respectively. The highest MVL was measured for the production line supervisor (25 mg.m À3). There was a significant correlation between the MVLs in the ambient air and personal samples (r = 0.84, p = 0.005). The mean urinary mercury level (UML) was 13.85 + 13.14 mg/g creatinine. The UML of 86.4% workers was below the 20 mg/g creatinine recommended by the Centre of Environmental and Occupational Health in Iran. There were significant differences between the UMLs in different areas of the factory (p = 0.041). Lamp breakage was an important determinant of exposure to mercury vapor; hence, effective programs to control mercury vapor are essential in the CFLs industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to mercury vapor in a compact fluorescent lamp factory: Evaluation of personal, ambient air, and biological monitoring

et al. 2019

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“…The Cd and lead are reported to be neurotoxic by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in blood (Gupta et al, 2015b , c ) and brain (Gupta et al, 2015b , c ), respectively. All heavy metals are toxic in sufficient quantities (Everson et al, 1988 ; Zukowska and Biziuk, 2008 ; Taghipour et al, 2014 ). Because of their presence in our environment and similarity with biochemical activity of some factors involved in the biochemical pathways, lead, mercury, Cd, and arsenic mimics their functions and are of particular interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Living Systems

et al. 2017

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There is a widespread repeated exposure of the population to the pesticides and heavy metals of occupational and environmental origin. Such population is forced to undergo continuous stress imposed by combined exposure of the heavy metals and different classes of the pesticides used in agricultural as well as health practices. The existing reports from several workers have indicated that heavy metals and pesticides in combination may lead more severe impact on the human health when compared to their individual effects. Such a combination of pesticides and heavy metals may also change or influence the detection of exposure. Several studies in past have shown the synergistic toxic effects of heavy metals and pesticides. Such evaluations have revealed the synergistic interactions of various heavy metals and pesticides in animals as well as humans. The aim of the present article is to provide a synthesis of existing knowledge on the synergistic effects of heavy metal and pesticides in living systems. The information included in this article may be useful for different environment protection agencies and policy makers to consider the combined effects of heavy metals and pesticides on humans while designing strategies toward environmental protection and safety regulations about human health.

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to accurately control the amount of mercury per lamp. Depending on the types of lamps and manufacturers, milligrams to tens of milligrams of mercury were added [16]. The small production scale of most lighting appliance manufacturers has made it difficult for the government to supervise the product quality of FLs during the production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Pollution, Treatment and Solutions in Spent Fluorescent Lamps in Mainland China

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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With the increasing awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, high energy-consuming incandescent lamps have been largely withdrawn from the stage of mainland China’s lighting industry because the main raw material for electricity production-coal-produces mercury pollution when burned and energy-saving fluorescent lamps have made considerable progress. However, fluorescent lamps emit mercury, which still causes environmental pollution. In this work, the existing problems in the development of fluorescent lamps, and in the collection and treatment of spent fluorescent lamps were analyzed. The contributions of various external factors to the above problems were evaluated based on fuzzy theory. Finally, solutions to control the pollution of mercury from fluorescent lamps and spent fluorescent lamps were proposed. Results show that the biggest problem that causes mercury pollution is the first among three factors: energy conservation and mercury emission from fluorescent lamps and spent fluorescent lamps, spent fluorescent lamp collection and spent fluorescent lamp treatment. The best way to solve these problems is by developing an energy-saving and environment-friendly light emitting diode (LED) industry in mainland China.

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Determining heavy metals in spent compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and their waste management challenges: Some strategies for improving current conditions

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Occupational exposure to mercury vapor in a compact fluorescent lamp factory: Evaluation of personal, ambient air, and biological monitoring

Occupational exposure to mercury vapor in a compact fluorescent lamp factory: Evaluation of personal, ambient air, and biological monitoring

Synergistic Effects of Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Living Systems

Mercury Pollution, Treatment and Solutions in Spent Fluorescent Lamps in Mainland China

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