Determined Slum Upgrading: A Challenge to Participatory Planning in Nanga Bulik, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia has committed to accomplish "cities without slum" target in 2019 through the national program of Action Planning for Preventing and Improving the Quality of Urban Slum Settlements (RP2KPKP) launched in 2015. Nanga Bulik town in Kabupaten (Regency) Lamandau of Central Kalimantan Province is among those included in the program; the RP2KPKP of which has been completed in 2016. This paper focuses on how participatory approach has been applied in the planning process. The planning has employed mostly qualitative approach with documents study, field observation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving all stakeholders, complemented with quantitative one especially in the aspects of urban and architectural design. The findings have suggested that the community participation in Nanga Bulik case has gone beyond the requirement commanded by the Indonesian laws on development planning and spatial management to ensure the target achievement in 2019. It is crucial because a higher level of the plan implementability would ensure more sustainability of the slum improvement. Essential lessons can be learned from this real participatory planning, which could be the beginning of the third generation of planning in Indonesia.

Formalizing the Informal: Understanding the Position of Informal Settlements and Slums in Sustainable Urbanization Policies and Strategies in Bandung, Indonesia

“…This shift is fundamental as what we see in the Bandung context is that decisions for change for kampung dwellers are made by other decision-makers who apply their interpretations of rights slanted towards market and techno-managerial solutions. As observed in a recent urban slum upgrading project assessment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, participation and related community involvement or exclusion are tightly controlled and vetted by "top-down" approaches which legitimize the planning process per laws and regulations [71]. Arguably, these are all traits of "controlled" order in the modern neo-liberal and global connected city where notions of public interest, inclusiveness, good planning, participation and governance are emergent, contested and continually being reframed in the urban milieu.…”

A Quantitative Perspective on Kampung Kota: Elaborating Definition and Variables of Indonesian Informal Settlements

“…The development of slums cannot be easily distinguished from the squatter, as (Ward, 1976) finds that slum is a squatter located in the city centre, but the physical condition deteriorates over time. The slum is usually characterised by a crowded and unhealthy environment, low-quality buildings, and lacking public infrastructure and facilities (Purwanto, Sugiri, & Novian, 2017), though these characteristics are similar to those of squatters. Minnery et al (2013) identify that slums represent where the urban poverty is located, even though some of the inhabitants may not be poor.…”

“…The discussions of slum and squatter areas have expanded to various solutions and programs-where some of them have been successfully implemented-one of the most fundamental problems is that the definitions are not clear (Berner, 2000;Obermayr, 2017). A slum is a type of housing which is far from optimal living standards and health codes (Erman, 1997;Purwanto, Sugiri, & Novian, 2017). On the other hand, the squatter is a type of housing dealing with land tenure issues (Brueckner & Selod, 2009;Kim, 2010;Neuwirth, 2007;Paul, 2006;Shabane, Nkambwe, & Chanda, 2011;Taher & Ibrahim, 2014).…”

Model of Slum Area Management Based on Socio-Spatial Approach. The Case of Baubau City, Indonesia

“…This research reveals a comprehensive policy recommendation for slum management planning for each different type, according to its socio-spatial characteristics. successful experiences in improving slums, by implementing projects such as the Jakarta Kampong Improvement Program (KIP) in the 1970s [7], and more recently an Action Planning Program to Prevent and Improve the Quality of Urban Slums (Prevention Plans and Improving Urban Slum Quality / RP2KPKP) as part of City Without Slums program [8].…”

“…Understanding the uniqueness of regional characteristics is crucial for building and developing policies that will decrease the negative impact of urbanization [54]. Physical and socio-economic conditions found in informal settlements are generally hazardous to health and tend to exacerbate the severe socio-economic conditions of the urban poor as well as environmental pollution and degradation of the local ecosystems [8]. Based on the results of prioritizing Fuzzy-MCDM, the slum settlement management model is formulated through the Driving Factor -Pressure -State -Impact -Response framework (DPSIR Framework) and it is described in the following subsections.…”