Determination of137Cs,90Sr and fallout Pu in the volcanic soil of Korea

Lee, M. H.; Lee, C. W.

doi:10.1007/bf02349053

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, 239+240 Pu is associated with solid phases and is relatively immobile chemically, being preferentially attached to soil organic matter and sesquioxides (Bunzl et al, 1995). The mobility of Pu in the soil is therefore strongly limited even more than other FRNs oxides (Bunzl et al, 1992;Lee and Lee, 1999). However, some studies claimed that the association of Pu to organic matter and higher molecular fractions in the soil increases the mobility and potentially leads to an increased downward vertical migration (Alewell et al, 2014).…”

Section: Soil Redistribution Rates (Erosion and Accumulation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be

Calitri

Sommer

Norton

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Two principal groups of processes shape mass fluxes from and into a soil: vertical profile development and lateral soil redistribution. Periods having predominantly progressive soil forming processes (soil profile development) alternate with periods having predominantly regressive processes (erosion). As a result, short‐term soil redistribution – years to decades – can differ substantially from long‐term soil redistribution; i.e. centuries to millennia. However, the quantification of these processes is difficult and consequently their rates are poorly understood. To assess the competing roles of erosion and deposition we determined short‐ and long‐term soil redistribution rates in a formerly glaciated area of the Uckermark, northeast Germany. We compared short‐term erosion or accumulation rates using plutonium‐239 and ‐240 (239+240Pu) and long‐term rates using both in situ and meteoric cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be). Three characteristic process domains have been analysed in detail: a flat landscape position having no erosion/deposition, an erosion‐dominated mid‐slope, and a deposition‐dominated lower‐slope site. We show that the short‐term mass erosion and accumulation rates are about one order of magnitude higher than long‐term redistribution rates. Both, in situ and meteoric 10Be provide comparable results. Depth functions, and therefore not only an average value of the topsoil, give the most meaningful rates. The long‐term soil redistribution rates were in the range of −2.1 t ha‐1 yr‐1 (erosion) and +0.26 t ha‐1 yr‐1 (accumulation) whereas the short‐term erosion rates indicated strong erosion of up to 25 t ha‐1 yr‐1 and accumulation of 7.6 t ha‐1 yr‐1. Our multi‐isotope method identifies periods of erosion and deposition, confirming the ‘time‐split approach’ of distinct different phases (progressive/regressive) in soil evolution. With such an approach, temporally‐changing processes can be disentangled, which allows the identification of both the dimensions of and the increase in soil erosion due to human influence. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Soil Redistribution Rates (Erosion and Accumulation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be

Calitri

Sommer

Norton

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The soil samples used in this work have a relatively high organic content and high activity of radionuclides (see Table 1) compared to undisturbed surface soils in Korea (Lee and Lee, 1999). The high organic content and activity levels in this soil can be explained by several geological and environmental factors.…”

Section: Vertical Distribution Of Hus In the Soilmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Soil samples were taken at 5 cm intervals to a depth of 30 cm from the surface. Detailed information for the site has been described elsewhere (Lee and Lee, 1999).…”

Section: Site and Soil Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical distribution and characteristics of soil humic substances affecting radionuclide distribution

Chung

Choi

Shin

et al. 2005

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Plutonium: Radionuclides

Neu¹,

Goff²,

Runde³

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Plutonium is the most debated actinide element because of its dual use in devastating nuclear weapons and beneficial generation of nuclear energy. Plutonium metal exists in several allotropic phases and plutonium in solution exhibits a rich and complex chemistry. The ability to exist in up to four oxidation states makes plutonium unique among all elements. Pu(III) and Pu(VI) form only under reducing or oxidizing conditions, respectively; whereas Pu(IV) and Pu(V) have broad stability ranges within the geochemical bounds of environmental systems. When Pu(IV) is above trace concentration and particulate matter is present, then solids or suspended colloids are the predominant chemical forms. In contrast, Pu(V), as PuO $_{2}^{+}$ , has relatively higher solubility as an aquo species or a monomeric complex of natural ligands (hydroxide, chloride, sulfate, etc.). Stronger complexing, polydentate ligands, such as carbonate and organics, tend to increase plutonium solubility by forming very stable Pu(IV) complexes. Minerals, high molecular weight organic matter, and bacteria can either increase or decrease the solubility of plutonium, depending upon their chemical properties, mechanisms of interaction, and the geochemical conditions of the surrounding environment. Plutonium generally has very low solubility, low mobility, and few health consequences from environmental forms, and therefore poses little risk to living systems under nearly all conditions. This article provides a brief overview of the chemistry and behavior of plutonium in aqueous solutions and in the environment.

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Determination of137Cs,90Sr and fallout Pu in the volcanic soil of Korea

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be

Vertical distribution and characteristics of soil humic substances affecting radionuclide distribution

Plutonium: Radionuclides

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Determination of137Cs,90Sr and fallout Pu in the volcanic soil of Korea

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using 239+240Pu and 10Be

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using 239+240Pu and 10Be

Vertical distribution and characteristics of soil humic substances affecting radionuclide distribution

Plutonium: Radionuclides

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Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be

Tracing the temporal evolution of soil redistribution rates in an agricultural landscape using ^239+240Pu and ¹⁰Be