Determination of Zolpidem and Zopiclone in Serum by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography

Debruyne, Danièle; Lacotte, J.C.; Ligny, Bruno Hurault de; Moulin, Maryline

doi:10.1002/jps.2600800118

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Zolpidem was reported to be rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and to have a short elimination half life (T 1/2 ) in healthy subjects. A number of gas chromatographic (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been reported for determination of zolpidem in biological fluids (Durol and Greenblatt, 1997;Debailleul et al, 1991;Debruyne et al, 1991;Gaillard et al, 1993;Stanke et al, 1996). In HPLC methods the sample pretreatment followed was liquid-liquid extraction (Guinebault et al, 1986;Tracqui et al, 1993;Wang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Bhatt

Jangid

Shetty

et al. 2006

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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A simple and robust method for quantification of zolpidem in human plasma has been established using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS). Es-citalopram was used as an internal standard. Zolpidem and internal standard in plasma sample were extracted using solid-phase extraction cartridges (Oasis HLB, 1 cm3/30 mg). The samples were injected into a C8 reversed-phase column and the mobile phase used was acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (pH 4.6; 10 mm) (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Using MS/MS in the selected reaction-monitoring (SRM) mode, zolpidem and Es-citalopram were detected without any interference from human plasma matrix. Zolpidem produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 308.1 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 235.1. The internal standard produced a protonated precursor ion ([M+H]+) at m/z 325.1 and a corresponding product ion at m/z 262.1. Detection of zolpidem in human plasma by the LC-ESI MS/MS method was accurate and precise with a quantification limit of 2.5 ng/mL. The proposed method was validated in the linear range 2.5-300 ng/mL. Reproducibility, recovery and stability of the method were evaluated. The method has been successfully applied to bioequivalence studies of zolpidem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Bhatt

Jangid

Shetty

et al. 2006

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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“…Several analytical methods have been reported to detect zopiclone in biological fluids (plasma, serum, urine): capillary electrophoresis (Hempel and Blaschke, 1996), gas chromatography (Debruyne et al, 1991;Gaillard et al, 1993;Kennel et al, 1990;Stanke et al, 1996), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Kintz et al, 1991), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Giround et al, 2003), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection Quantitation of zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone in plasma 795 ORIGINAL RESEARCH (Asberg, 1986;Fernandez et al, 1991Fernandez et al, , 1993Fernandez et al, , 2002LeLiboux et al, 1987;Miller et al, 1986;Stanley et al, 1985;Yang and Rochholz, 2002) or with ultraviolet detection (Boniface et al, 1992;Foster et al, 1994;Paw and Misztal, 2000). Several methods have been reported to detect zopiclone and its metabolite desmethylzopiclone in urine (Fernandez et al, 1993;Hempel and Blaschke, 1996;Daenens, 1994, 1996;Nordgren et al, 2002), as the metabolites are not been detected in plasma (Gaillot et al, 1983;Houghton et al, 1985;LeLiboux et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitation of zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection

Nirogi

Kandikere

Mudigonda

2006

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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A simple, reliable HPLC method using fluorescence detection (excitation 307 and emission 483 nm) was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of zopiclone and its metabolite desmethylzopiclone in human plasma. Following a single-step liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes and internal standard (zaleplon) were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase C 18 column. The lower limit of quantitation was 3 ng/mL for zopiclone and 6 ng/mL for desmethylzopiclone with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. A linear dynamic range of 3-300 ng/mL for zopiclone and of 6-500 ng/mL for desmethylzopiclone was established. This HPLC method was validated with between-batch precision of 1.7-4.2% and 3.2-7.5% for zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone respectively. The between-batch accuracy was 99.4-111.5% and 101.6-104.8% for zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone, respectively. Frequently coadministered drugs did not interfere with the described methodology. Stability of zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone in plasma was excellent, with no evidence of degradation during sample processing (autosampler) and 30 days' storage in a freezer. This validated method is simple and repeatable enough to be used in pharmacokinetic studies.

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“…Standard solutions should be prepared in acetonitrile and extraction must be done at neutral pH to ensure stability [10,11]. Several analytical methods have been developed for the quantification of zopiclone in whole blood, plasma and/or urine [9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], its metabolites N-desmethylzopiclone and/or N-oxide-zopiclone [12,14,[22][23][24], its (À) and (+)-enantiomers [11,[25][26][27], and its degradation product 2-amino-5-chloropyridine [17,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability tests of zopiclone in whole blood

Nilsson

Kugelberg

Kronstrand

et al. 2010

Forensic Science International

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Determination of Zolpidem and Zopiclone in Serum by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Quantification of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Quantification of zolpidem in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Quantitation of zopiclone and desmethylzopiclone in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection

Stability tests of zopiclone in whole blood

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