Determination of Zirconium in Steels Using p-Bromo- or p-Chloromandelic Acid

Diffusion of Cerium and Zirconium in Molten Uranium

“…In two experiments, the cerium had been irradiated, and analysis was accomplished with a gamma-ray spectrometer after extracting the uranium with tributyl phosphate. Analyses for zirconium in uranium was made gravimetricalty (9).…”

Determination of Radioactive Zirconium in Fissioned Plutonium

“…The carbon monoxide is swept from the reaction tube, oxidized to carbon dioxide, absorbed on Ascarite, and weighed or determined conductometrically (8).…”

“…Oesper and Klingenberg, in a study of a number of glycolic acid derivatives (11), concluded that p-bromomandelic acid was a superior zirconium precipitant. Hahn (3) reported direct weighing of zirconium p-bromomandelate, which was later applied by Klingenberg and Papucci to the determination of zirconium in steel (8). More recently, Bricker and Waterbury (1) used p-bromomandelic acid to separate microgram amounts of zirconium from milligram amounts of plutonium, after reduction of plutonium(IV) to plutonium(III) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.…”

Gravimetric and Titrimetric Determination of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium and with Cupferron

“…Determination of zirconium and hafnium, alone or together has largely been done gravimetricallv-e.g., precipitation by cupferron (21,22,33), mandelic acid and its derivatives (7,12,16,23,26,27), phosphates (20,37), selenous acid (32,34), substituted arsonic acids (29), or hydrolysis (36), followed by ignition to the oxide. Proposed titrimetric methods include an amperometric one using p-nitrophenylarsonic acid (13)•, the exacting conditions necessary to obtain even fair results on pure zirconium solutions and the apparent large solubility of the precipitate cited by the authors (who did not investigate interferences) appear to make the method of limited value.…”