Determination of Zinc Dialkyldithiocarbamates in Latex Condoms

Depree, Gary J.; Bledsoe, Toni A.; Siegel, Paul D.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/42.2.80

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The problem with this method is that in extracts containing dithiocarbamates with 2 or more different side chains, the cobalt complexes contain mixtures of side chains, giving complicated chromatograms unsuitable for quantification purposes. In a recent publication on the analysis of ZDEC and ZDBC in condoms, the problem with chelate formation was solved by the addition of a large amount of ZDMC to the extract (10). This added dithiocarbamate is said to protect the analytes from transmetalation reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

2006

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A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method developed for analysis of zinc dithiocarbamates was validated and used to perform a survey of disposable medical gloves used in southern Sweden. The gloves were extracted with acetone at room temperature for 10 min by shaking. The extracts were injected into a polyether ether ketone lined HPLC column, and peaks were analysed by a diode-array detector. The survey shows that of 19 gloves analysed, 10 contained zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (0.070-3.5 mg/g), 3 contained zinc pentamethylenedithiocarbamate (1.0-4.3 mg/g), 4 contained zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (0.9-1.1 mg/g), and 2 contained 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.005-0.008 mg/g). None of them contained thiurams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

2006

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“…The HPLC methodology for determination of ZDTCs from latex has been previously reported (6). HPLC analysis was performed on a Shimadzu system consisting of two LC‐600 pumps, SIL‐10AD auto‐injector, LPI−6B interface and SPD‐M10A Diode Array Detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study describes a modification of a simple quantitative spectrophotometric screening method for total sulfur accelerant and speciation of the native individual accelerants by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that was described previously (6). Accelerant content of commercially available ‘off‐the‐shelf’ medical exam latex and nitrile gloves and several latex gloves from a local hardware store were assessed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of sulfur‐containing rubber accelerator levels in latex and nitrile exam gloves

Depree¹,

Bledsoe²,

Siegel³

2005

Contact Dermatitis

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2-Mercaptobenzothiazole and zinc dialkyldithiocarbamates are commonly used sulfur-containing rubber vulcanization accelerators known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Exposure to these agents occurs through clothing such as undergarments and shoes, latex medical devices and latex and nitrile gloves. A simple, inexpensive screening method for total sulfur accelerator and a high performance liquid chromatographic speciation method were developed in the present study. These methods were applied to screen and quantify the sulfur accelerator content from 38 brands of 'off-the-shelf' latex and nitrile gloves obtained from commercial vendors. It was found that accelerator levels ranged from not detectable to 7.35 mg/g in the gloves analysed. Brands were found to contain single and multiple accelerator species within the glove. Powdered gloves had significantly higher accelerator levels than powder-free gloves from the same manufacturer; however, these chemical accelerators do not preferentially partition to the powder. The present analytical methodology is suitable for both manufacturing quality validation purposes, as well as for accelerator allergy research.

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“…Similarly, the organometal, Zn(DDC) 2 , also exhibited low analytical recovery (23 ± 12%) from test soils, but, in contrast to the BCNZ, several, nonquantifiable degradation products were observed (Supplemental Data, Table S7). Therefore, the reduced recovery was confirmed to result from a combination of degradation to secondary compounds, as well as complexation of the organic moiety (i.e., diethyldithiocarbamate) with other metals naturally present within the test soil . Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), the organic ligand of Zn(DDC) 2 , is known to have an affinity for other metals in the following order: Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) , thereby increasing the possibility of metal toxicity because of complexation with metals other than Zn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The ecotoxicity of zinc and zinc‐containing substances in soil with consideration of metal‐moiety approaches and organometal complexes

Ritchie

Boyd

Lawson-Halasz

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Within Canada, screening-level assessments for chemical substances are required to determine whether the substances pose a risk to human health and/or the environment, and as appropriate, risk management strategies. In response to the volume of metal and metal-containing substances, process efficiencies were introduced using a metal-moiety approach, whereby substances that contain a common metal moiety are assessed simultaneously as a group, with the moiety of concern consisting of the metal ion. However, for certain subgroups, such as organometals or organic metal salts, the organic moiety or parent substance may be of concern, rather than simply the metal ion. To further investigate the need for such additional consideration, certain substances were evaluated: zinc (Zn)-containing inorganic (Zn chloride [ZnCl2] and Zn oxide) and organic (organometal: Zn diethyldithiocarbamate [Zn(DDC) ] and organic metal salts (Zn stearate [ZnSt] and 4-chloro-2-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrachlorozincate [BCNZ]). The toxicity of the substances were assessed using plant (Trifolium pratense and Elymus lanceolatus) and soil invertebrate (Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei) tests in a sandy soil. Effect measures were determined based on total metal and total parent analyses (for organic substances). In general, the inorganic Zn substances were less toxic than the organometals and organic metal salts, with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 11 to >5194 mg Zn kg dry soil. The data demonstrate the necessity for alternate approaches in the assessment of organo-metal complexes, with the organic moieties or parent substances warranting consideration rather than the metal ion alone. In this instance, the organometals and organic metal salts were significantly more toxic than other test substances despite their low total Zn content. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3324-3332. © 2017 Crown in the Right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

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Determination of Zinc Dialkyldithiocarbamates in Latex Condoms

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

Survey of sulfur‐containing rubber accelerator levels in latex and nitrile exam gloves

The ecotoxicity of zinc and zinc‐containing substances in soil with consideration of metal‐moiety approaches and organometal complexes

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