Determination of Zinc, Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Silver Using a Carbon Paste Electrode and a Screen Printed Electrode Modified with Chromium(III) Oxide

Abstract

In this study, the preparation and electrochemical application of a chromium(III) oxide modified carbon paste electrode (Cr-CPE) and a screen printed electrode (SPE), made from the same material and optimized for the simple, cheap and sensitive simultaneous determination of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper and the detection of silver ions, is described. The limits of detection and quantification were 25 and 80 µg·L−1 for Zn(II), 3 and 10 µg·L−1 for Cd(II), 3 and 10 µg·L−1 for Pb(II), 3 and 10 µg·L−1 for Cu(II), and 3 and 10 µg·L−1 for Ag(I), respectively. Furthermore, this promising modification was transferred to the screen-printed electrode. The limits of detection for the simultaneous determination of zinc, cadmium, copper and lead on the screen printed electrodes were found to be 350 µg·L−1 for Zn(II), 25 µg·L−1 for Cd(II), 3 µg·L−1 for Pb(II) and 3 µg·L−1 for Cu(II). Practical usability for the simultaneous detection of these heavy metal ions by the Cr-CPE was also demonstrated in the analyses of wastewaters.

Detection and Determination of Released Ions in the Presence of Nanoparticles: Selectivity or Strategy?

“…The common procedures for the calculation of LOD and LOQ as three and ten times the standard deviation of a blank are not well‐suited for electroanalytical techniques that exhibit a low background noise, in this case it is preferable to use the standard deviation of the intercept of the calibration curve . The LOD and LOQ achieved in our case, are highly comparable with values already reported, in the literature it has been found higher and similar limits . This allows the application of the method to samples with low concentration of ionic Ag.…”

“…Silver has been detected with a wide range of carbon electrodes but only a limited number of articles have been published on the use of glassy carbon electrodes, most of them chemically modified . Numerous articles discuss the determination of silver by electrochemical techniques . However, none addresses the direct detection and quantification of ionic silver (Ag + ) in presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using glassy carbon electrodes and its application in real samples containing colloidal and ionic silver.…”

NiO Modifiye Karbon Pasta Sensör Yüzeyinde Bakır ve Kadmiyum’un Anodik Sıyırma Voltametrisi ile Tayini

“…Biyolojik olarak birikme eğilimi yüksek ve çevrede tehlikeli bir kirletici olan kadmiyum (Cd 2+ ) oldukça toksiktir ve kanser dâhil olmak üzere organizmada birçok probleme sebep olmaktadır. Cd 2+ "un düşük derişimleri dahi, hem omurgalı hem de omurgasız canlılarda toksik etki yaratmaktadır [2][3][4]. Bakır (Cu 2+ ) ise, çoğu organizma için gerekli olan temel bir elementtir ancak bu elemente aşırı maruz kalmak da yaşamı tehdit edebilir [4,5].…”

Metal oxide QD based ultrasensitive microsphere fluorescent sensor for copper, chromium and iron ions in water

“…There are different electro-chemical techniques which have also been commonly used to detect metal ions present in biological and environmental specimens. [19][20][21] Among them voltammetry and potentiometric techniques are the most reported for the heavy metal detection. 22,23 However long-term stability, selectivity, compatibility with aqueous environments remains a signicant challenge for measuring these heavy metals by this technique.…”