Determination of wear-metals in used lubricating oils from marine engines by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Hernández-Artiga, María P.; Muñoz-Leyva, J.A.; Cozar-Sievert, Ramon

doi:10.1039/an9921700963

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The selection of the metals to be determined was based on the composition of marine engines and should be representative enough to predict engine wear. Therefore, Fe, Cu, Pb and Cr were selected [1,13]. The semimetals Sn and Sb can also be present in these engines, but they require hydride generation and a different methodology [19].…”

Section: Determination Of Wear Metals By Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to evaluate the proposed procedure for sample preparation (A), two samples were prepared and analysed, and the results compared with those obtained with two other established procedures: classical ashing followed by acid dissolution (B) and slight acid treatment followed by dilution with IBMK±tergitol [1] (C).…”

Section: Determination Of Wear Metals By Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristics and behaviour of used marine engine oils are in many cases different from those of other lubricating oils [1,2]. The characteristics of the sample preparation procedures commonly used for these oils are as follows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil was digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The metals determined were Fe, Cu, Cr and Pb as representative of marine engine wear [1]. Our aim was to destroy the organic matter and achieve total dissolution of the sample, to allow work in an aqueous medium and use of inorganic compounds as standards.…”

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Determination of Wear Metals in Marine Lubricating Oils by Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 1999

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The dif®culties associated with the development of a microwave-assisted acid digestion of lubricating oils in determination of wear metals are presented. The interest of this sample treatment lies in its basis for determining the total metal contents with enough sensitivity by¯ame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It allows earlier diagnosis of the engine state than is obtained by the widely applied simple dilution procedure. Another advantage is the avoidance of contamination and loss of the metals to be determined. The procedure employs nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a four-stage programme. Fe, Cu, Cr and Pb are determined by FAAS as representative of engine wear. The limits of detection are 0.1 mg/g for Fe and Cr and 0.05 mg/g for Cu and Pb. A comparison with other procedures is presented for spiked samples. Different types of used lubricating oils supplied by an oil company were analysed to prove the suitability of the procedure proposed.The determination of wear metals in used lubricating oils is of great interest in preventive maintenance of engines. The characteristics and behaviour of used marine engine oils are in many cases different from those of other lubricating oils [1,2]. The characteristics of the sample preparation procedures commonly used for these oils are as follows. Dilution with organic solvents and acidi®cation followed by dilution with organic solvents [3±8] leads to problems concerning repeatability, owing to the appearance of solid species (resolved in some cases with surfactants), and often the total metal content is not analysed. The traditional dry ashing and acid dissolution ASTM±IPC standard method is time-consuming and carries risk of loss and contamination. Microwave digestion with acid mixtures in closed te¯on vessels avoids these problems [9] and ensures that the total metal content can be analysed, but it may give lower sensitivity in comparison to other procedures [10].The wear metal determination requires a complicated microwave treatment, owing to the matrix and the metal concentrations in these oils. In the present work, the treatment of a larger amount of oil than that proposed by the commercial suppliers for detection of wear metals [10] was achieved in spite of the problems presented by the rapid development of a great deal of gases. The oil was digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The metals determined were Fe, Cu, Cr and Pb as representative of marine engine wear [1]. Our aim was to destroy the organic matter and achieve total dissolution of the sample, to allow work in an aqueous medium and use of inorganic compounds as standards. This sample preparation procedure is also adequate for voltammetric metal determinations and for determining semimetals [11,12] such as Sn and Sb, which can also be found as wear elements and require use of hydride generation methods [13].The sample treatment procedure proposed is an interesting alternative to the classical ashing procedure and can also be used as a comparison method when dilution with organic solvents...

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Section: Determination Of Wear Metals By Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Wear Metals By Faasmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Determination of Wear Metals in Marine Lubricating Oils by Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 1999

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“…Its content must be controlled in emissions, water, air, soil, and foodstuff. The atomic-absorption method is a basic method of determining microquantities of chromium in objects of complex chemical composition [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], with atomization of solutions being carried out in an airacetylene flame. However, nickel, iron, and phosphate ions present in the solutions analyzed decrease the chromium signal [8].…”

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Influence of the Elemental Composition and Concentration of Surfactants on the Atomic Absorption of Chromium

2005

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543.422.5 Systematic investigations of the influence of the elemental composition and concentration of surfactants on the atomic absorption of chromium have been carried out. It is shown that sodium dodecyl sulfate maximally increases the analytical signal and selectivity in chromium determination. The atomic-absorption technique of determining the quantitative content of chromium in sewage of industrial enterprises with application of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a chemical modifier has been developed. The detection limit for chromium is 1.2 µg/dm 3 . Introduction.In connection with the solution of a number of ecological problems and more stringent requirements on determination of microquantities of metals in new materials as well as on the quality of foodstuff and drinking water, the problem of determining microquantities of metals and increase in the accuracy of their determination has become more and more pressing. Chromium is among the supertoxicants. Its content must be controlled in emissions, water, air, soil, and foodstuff. The atomic-absorption method is a basic method of determining microquantities of chromium in objects of complex chemical composition [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], with atomization of solutions being carried out in an airacetylene flame. However, nickel, iron, and phosphate ions present in the solutions analyzed decrease the chromium signal [8]. In using an oxidizing air-acetylene flame, the influence of these elements is decreased, but simultaneously there is a decrease in the sensitivity of the detection of chromium [1].More often, aqueous solutions give way to other working media. Water-organic and nonaqueous solutions have long been used; at the present time, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids and, of course, the so-called organized media are employed. There have been great advances and there is great promise in using organized media in organic chemistry, especially those based on water. The aim of the present work is to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of atomic-absorption determination of chromium by chemical modification and also to establish the possibility of passing from an air-acetylene flame to a low-temperature one -a propane-butane-air mixture as a cheaper and more accessible one.Influence of a Surfactant on the Sensitivity of the Atomic-Absorption Method of Determining the Quantitative Content of Chromium. Using model specimens of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, twin-20, twin-85, triton X-100, bridge-35, surfactant mixtures as well as mixtures of surfactants with octanol or methanol), we carried out systematic investigations of the effect of their elemental composition and concentration on the absorptivity of chromium.In the original solutions, the mass fraction of the surfactant was 0.5%. They were used for preparing model solutions with a volumetric fraction of the surfactant solution from 1 to 20% (from the total volume of the solution). In blank solutions not containing chromium, the content of surfactants is the same. Cal...

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Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Determination of wear-metals in used lubricating oils from marine engines by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Determination of Wear Metals in Marine Lubricating Oils by Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Determination of Wear Metals in Marine Lubricating Oils by Microwave Digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Influence of the Elemental Composition and Concentration of Surfactants on the Atomic Absorption of Chromium

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