Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) levels from various smoking cessation aids by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology

Kim, Yong-Yeon; Kim, Minkyung; Shin, Han‐Seung

doi:10.1080/15287394.2021.1979436

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nicotine is responsible for tobacco dependence; thus, nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), void of most of the 93 chemicals of concern, are used as smoking cessation aids. It is noteworthy that addition smoking cessation aids also contain low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may initiate adverse health effects (Kim, Kim, and Shin 2022 ). Further, traditional NRTs have protracted nicotine absorption profiles that take several min to reach peak plasma concentrations, creating an unpopular choice for cigarette smoking cessation aids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely in contrast to vaping because carbon monoxide (CO) and many other toxicants are not generated during vaping. However, in addition to nicotine, EC users are also exposed to PG, VG, flavor compounds, VOCs and both degradation and condensation byproducts formed during the heating of e-liquid to generate an inhalable aerosol (Kim, Kim, and Shin 2022 ; Schick et al 2017 ). It appears that the composition of the e-liquid and repeated dosing or vaping “behavior” may be responsible for the observed toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Effah¹,

Taiwo

Baines

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are purported to be tobacco harm-reduction products whose degree of harm has been highly debated. EC use is considered less hazardous than smoking but is not expected to be harmless. Following the banning of e-liquid flavors in countries such as the US, Finland, Ukraine, and Hungary, there are growing concerns regarding the safety profile of e-liquid flavors used in ECs. While these are employed extensively in the food industry and are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) when ingested, GRAS status after inhalation is unclear. The aim of this review was to assess evidence from 38 reports on the adverse effects of flavored e-liquids on the respiratory system in both in vitro and in vivo studies published between 2006 and 2021. Data collected demonstrated greater detrimental effects in vitro with cinnamon (9 articles), strawberry (5 articles), and menthol (10 articles), flavors than other flavors. The most reported effects among these investigations were perturbations of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and enhanced cytotoxicity. There is sufficient evidence to support the toxicological impacts of diacetyl- and cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids following human inhalation; however, safety profiles on other flavors are elusive. The latter may result from inconsistencies between experimental approaches and uncertainties due to the contributions from other e-liquid constituents. Further, the relevance of the concentration ranges to human exposure levels is uncertain. Evidence indicates that an adequately controlled and consistent, systematic toxicological investigation of a broad spectrum of e-liquid flavors may be required at biologically relevant concentrations to better inform public health authorities on the risk assessment following exposure to EC flavor ingredients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Effah¹,

Taiwo

Baines

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…Organic pollutants are primarily detected through laboratory analysis using gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and combinations thereof. − These methods are mature and offer high sensitivity and accuracy. However, they require more complex sample pretreatment, and the extraction of PAHs poses some challenges due to their varied structures, ranging from two rings to six or more rings as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Detection of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Using Advanced Fluorescence Imaging Techniques

Shi,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…(b) Binding energy spectra of Cu 2p. References [ 30 , 36 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ] are cited in the supplementary materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembled Bifunctional Copper Hydroxide/Gold-Ordered Nanoarray Composites for Fast, Sensitive, and Recyclable SERS Detection of Hazardous Benzene Vapors

Yuan²,

Jia

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly monoaromatic hydrocarbon compounds (MACHs), pose a potential risk to the atmospheric environment and human health. Therefore, the progressive development of efficient detection methodologies is a pertinent need, which is still a challenge at present. In this study, we present a rapid and sensitive method to detect trace amounts of MACHs using a bifunctional SERS composite substrate. We prepared an Au/SiO2 enhanced layer and a porous Cu(OH)2 adsorption layer via microfluidic-assisted gas-liquid interface self-assembly. The composite substrate effectively monitored changes in benzaldehyde using time-varying SERS spectra, and track-specifically identified various VOCs such as benzene, xylene, styrene, and nitrobenzene. In general, the substrate exhibited a rapid response time of 20 s to gaseous benzaldehyde, with a minimum detection concentration of less than 500 ppt. Further experimental assessments revealed an optimum Cu(OH)2 thickness of the surrounding adsorption layer of 150 nm, which can achieve an efficient SERS response to MACHs. Furthermore, the recoverable and reusable property of the composite substrate highlights its practicality. This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach for detecting trace gaseous VOCs using SERS, with significant implications in the designing of SERS substrates for detecting other VOCs.

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Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) levels from various smoking cessation aids by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review

Rapid Detection of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Using Advanced Fluorescence Imaging Techniques

Self-Assembled Bifunctional Copper Hydroxide/Gold-Ordered Nanoarray Composites for Fast, Sensitive, and Recyclable SERS Detection of Hazardous Benzene Vapors

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