Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds for a Systematic Evaluation of Third-Hand Smoking

A Single Administration of Low-Dose Varenicline Saturates α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Human Brain

“…Prolonged tobacco use is a major risk factor for a number of illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema. The consequences of tobacco use are far reaching, influencing others through second- (Brody et al, 2011) and third-hand (Ueta et al, 2010) exposure, as well as causing developmental exposure during pregnancy (Lotfipour et al, 2009Toledo-Rodriguez et al, 2010). Given the many risks associated with tobacco use and the global consequences, it is surprising that over a billion people continue to smoke worldwide.…”

Novel Fire Investigation Technique Using Needle Extraction in Gas Chromatography

“…10,17 This extraction medium showed a wider selectivity for both polar and non-polar analytes, and therefore extraction needles packed with MA/EDMA were employed as the first choice of the extraction medium in this study. The desorption temperature was set at 200 C based on preliminary experiments, and desorption efficiencies were measured for each compound using a similar way as described previously, 10 where the desorption efficiencies were calculated based on the ratios of the peak areas obtained in the first desorption to the total peak areas obtained by adding the peak areas obtained in the first and second desorptions.…”

“…As the extraction medium, a polymer of divinylbenzene (DVB) was synthesized, and a copolymer of methacrylic acid (MA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) 10,17 was also prepared for a comparison. The DVB and MA/EDMA extraction media were designed and synthesized in order to achieve both the successful extraction of VOCs that are typically found in environmental air samples at room temperature, and successful desorption of preconcentrated VOCs in a conventional GC injector without special modifications.…”

“…The synthetic schemes for these materials were similar to those described in previous studies. 10,17 These copolymer beads with diameters ranging from 150 to 180 μm were packed into specially prepared needles with the following dimensions: 0.5 mm i.d., 0.7 mm o.d. ; length, 85 mm.…”

“…8 Needle-type sample preparation is an alternative preconcentration technique for analyses of VOCs. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In our previous work, a polymer particle-packed extraction needle showed both good extraction performance and satisfactory sample storage capabilities with respect to typical VOCs, 10 and needle extraction devices were successfully applied to analyses of environmental tobacco smoke 12,17 and human breath. 18 In this work, a new method for fire investigations has been developed using a polymer particle-packed extraction needle and subsequent GC analysis.…”