Determination of vitamin D in tears of healthy individuals by the electrochemiluminescence method

Lai, Yu Tsun; Cerquinho, Renato Galão; Perez, Matheus Moreira; Alves, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar; Pereira, Edimar Cristiano; Azzalis, Ligia Ajaime; Junqueira, Virgínia Berlanga Campos; Soares, Lismeia Raimundo; Fonseca, Fernando Luiz Affonso

doi:10.1002/jcla.22830

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The interesting observation from that study was that vitamin D levels were higher in tear fluid than in plasma. The authors’ observation is in agreement with results by Sethu et al and Lai et al, who measured 25(OH)D using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence assay [ 65 , 66 ]. In contrast, Khaksari et al observed lower levels of fat-soluble vitamin E in tears than in serum [ 60 , 67 ].…”

Section: Sample Preparation Of Alternative/non-conventional Biologica...supporting

confidence: 91%

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Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC–MS/MS analysis

Αλεξανδρίδου

Volmer

2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The determination of vitamin D metabolites as status marker or for diagnostic purposes is almost entirely conducted from blood serum or plasma. Other biological matrices, however, have also interested researchers, for two main reasons: (1) alternative matrices may allow non-invasive sampling, permit easier sample transfer and require less demanding storage conditions; and (2) the levels of vitamin D metabolites in other body compartments may further aid the understanding of vitamin D metabolism and function. Thus, the development of reliable and efficient sample preparation protocols for sample matrices other than serum/plasma, which will remove potential interferences and selectively extract the targeted metabolites, is of great importance. This review summarizes sample preparation methods for measurement of vitamin D metabolites using liquid chromatography-(tandem)mass spectrometry in more than ten different human tissues, including hair, saliva, adipose tissue, brain and others. Graphical abstract

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Section: Sample Preparation Of Alternative/non-conventional Biologica...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Usually, absorbent paper strips are used for tear fluid sampling and sample extraction is performed prior to analysis [ 60 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Sample Preparation Of Alternative/non-conventional Biologica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC–MS/MS analysis

Αλεξανδρίδου

Volmer

2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Unlike serum vitamin D, the normative range for tear vitamin D had not been previously ascertained. We and other have shown the concentration of vitamin D in tear fluid is higher than in serum, 30,64 which could account for a lack of a robust association between serum vitamin D and DED as reported in various studies. 5,6,[21][22][23][24][25] We now have observed a significantly lower level of tear fluid and serum vitamin D in DED patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…5,6,[21][22][23][24][25] However, all these reports included the levels of serum vitamin D with varying relationships with DED signs and symptoms. Since it is now known that vitamin D can be synthesized, and active forms can be produced locally by the ocular surface cells, 63 and that the vitamin D can measured in the tear fluid, 30,64 we studied the relationship of both serum and tear fluid vitamin D with molecular factors and DED parameters. Unlike serum vitamin D, the normative range for tear vitamin D had not been previously ascertained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysregulated Tear Fluid Nociception-Associated Factors, Corneal Dendritic Cell Density, and Vitamin D Levels in Evaporative Dry Eye

Khamar

Nair

Shetty

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Khamar P, Nair AP, Shetty R, et al. Dysregulated tear fluid nociception-associated factors, corneal dendritic cell density, and vitamin D levels in evaporative dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:2532-2542. https://doi.org/10.1167 PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to study the status and association among tear-soluble factors, corneal dendritic cell density, vitamin D, and signs and symptoms in dry eye disease (DED). METHODS.A total of 33 control subjects and 47 evaporative dry eye patients were included in the study. DED diagnosis and classification was based on the 2017 Report of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS II). DED workup, including tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I (STI), corneal and conjunctival staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring, and in vivo confocal microscopy (to assess corneal dendritic cell density [cDCD] and subbasal nerve plexus [SBNP] features) was performed in the study subjects. Tear fluid using Schirmer's strip and serum were collected from the subjects. Multiplex ELISA or single analyte ELISA was performed to measure 34 tearsoluble factors levels including vitamin D.RESULTS. Significantly higher OSDI discomfort score, lower TBUT, and lower STI were observed in DED patients. cDCD was significantly higher in DED patients. No significant difference was observed in SBNP features. Tear fluid IL-1b, IL-17A, MMP9, MMP10, MMP9/ TIMP ratio, and VEGF-B were significantly higher in DED patients. Significantly lower tear fluid IL-2, IP-10, NPY, VEGF-A, and vitamin D was observed in DED patients. These dysregulated tear factors showed significant associations with DED signs and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS. Altered tear fluid soluble factors with potential to modulate nociception exhibited a distinct association with ocular surface discomfort status, TBUT, STI, and cDCD. This implies a functional relationship between the various tear-soluble factors and dry eye pathogenesis, indicating new molecular targets for designing targeted therapies.

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“…Vit D is secreted into the tear fluid and the aqueous humor, from where it reaches the cornea [40,41]. In addition, the cornea possesses the molecular machinery to synthesize and activate native Vit D [36], after UV light activation, similarly to the epidermis.…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Metabolic Imbalance in Keratoconus

et al. 2022

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Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal degeneration characterized by structural changes consisting of progressive thinning and steepening of the cornea. These alterations result in biomechanical weakening and, clinically, in vision loss. While the etiology of KC has been the object of study for over a century, no single agent has been found. Recent reviews suggest that KC is a multifactorial disease that is associated with a wide variety of genetic and environmental factors. While KC is typically considered a disease of the cornea, associations with systemic conditions have been well described over the years. In particular, nutritional and metabolic imbalance, such as the redox status, hormones, metabolites, and micronutrients (vitamins and metal ions), can deeply influence KC initiation and progression. In this paper, we comprehensively review the different nutritional (vitamins and minerals) and metabolic (hormones and metabolites) factors that are altered in KC, discussing their possible implication in the pathophysiology of the disease.

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Determination of vitamin D in tears of healthy individuals by the electrochemiluminescence method

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC–MS/MS analysis

Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC–MS/MS analysis

Dysregulated Tear Fluid Nociception-Associated Factors, Corneal Dendritic Cell Density, and Vitamin D Levels in Evaporative Dry Eye

Nutritional and Metabolic Imbalance in Keratoconus

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