Determination of vibration-related spinal loads by numerical simulation

Effects Related to Random Whole-Body Vibration and Posture on a Suspended Seatwith and Without Backrest

“…A two-dimensional "nite element model with a detailed modelling of the spine between the "rst lumbar vertebra (L1) and the "rst spinous process in the Crista sacralis intermedia of the Os sacrum (S1) was used for the calculation of the internal spinal load [11,12]. The model simulates the human response on a suspension driver seat and considers the di!erent inputs at the feet and pelvis in the z direction as well as at the back in the z and the x directions.…”

“…value [15] of the acceleration in the x direction (see Table 2). The model and the subjects' interaction with the seat had been veri"ed [11,12] using data from experimental studies [16,17]. Special modi"cations of the model were applied that enabled the modelling of the two posture's bending and relaxed posture, and the possibility of using the use of the backrest for each posture.…”

“…These models simulate human biodynamics observed on a hard seat without a backrest and were successfully applied for a variety of conditions [8}10]. An advanced model was recently presented [11,12] that considered the di!erent input conditions at the feet, trunk and buttocks as well as an optional vibration input of the backrest.…”

Differences in Lumbar Spine Load Due to Posture and Upper Limb External Load

“…This method complements and confirms the results of experimental studies; it can be used to analyse human body load without external loads that could be hazardous for subjects or impossible in an experimental study. Biomechanical modelling of the spine includes analysing spinal loading [9,10,11,12], stability [11,13,14], dynamics of injury [15,16] and surgery analysis [17,18]. The reliability of the assessment of musculoskeletal load conducted with computer modelling depends on the accuracy of the human model on the one hand, and on the applied muscle optimising procedure, on the other.…”

Material Property Sensitivity Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Human Spine Using Finite Element Method

“…Chronic occupational whole body vibration (WBV) exposure may increase the risk of spine suffering from degenerative diseases, structural changes and low back pain, especially in the lower lumbar motion segments [1,2]. Many studies were conducted to investigate the relation of vibration with the spine diseases [3][4][5][6][7].…”