Determination of various risk factors associated with acne vulgaris infection in Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

Acne is a common skin disorder that affects both adolescents and adults. Epidemiological data on acne is limited from developing countries. The objective of present study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of Acne vulgaris in humans in Quetta through a standardized questionnaire, which was prepared under the supervision of authentic skin specialist. One thousand subjects were examined and information was recorded in the questionnaire. The data was analyzed by applying statistical analysis (Minitab, Crosstab, Pearson Chi Square test and Analysis of Variance. The results of present study determined the prevalence of Acne vulgaris according to different variables including Age (Teenage, Adult), Gender (Male, Female), Skin (Dry, Normal, Oily, Semi Oily) Menstrual (Pre-menstrual, post-menstrual), Marital status (Married, Unmarried) and Food (Normal, Spicy) were found statistically associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of Acne vulgaris in study area. The Chi-square test analysis indicated that acne vulgaris prevalence was significantly higher in teenagers, female, oily skin, pre-menstrual, unmarried and the individuals who consume more spicy food (P<0.05). The present study determined the current status of Acne vulgaris with association of different risk factors in population of Quetta. This study will be very helpful for its control program in district Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Medina: A Case-Control Study

“… 17 Others advocate that the difference in the prevalence of acne between males and females is related to the onset of puberty. 18 On the other hand, Ali et al 19 found that marriage is a protective factor against acne, which is consistent with this study finding. The influence of marital status on the incidence of acne has not been fully elucidated yet, with considerable ambiguity.…”

“…The local score for each anatomical area is generated by multiplying the given factor by the points of the most severe lesion within an area. The local scores are summed to obtain the total GAGS score, which categorizes acne severity into no acne (0 points), mild acne (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), moderate acne (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), severe acne (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), and very severe acne (≥39). 11…”

Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis, V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source

“…Coccidiosis is economically important disease in poultry sector, causes US $ 3 billion loss annually ( Pawestri et al, 2020 , Quiroz-Castaneda and Dantan-Gonzalez, 2015 ) and almost US $ 0.8 billion is spent on prophylactic in-feed drugs ( Allen and Fetterer, 2002 ). In Pakistan, avian coccidiosis was not studied enough but institutional-based surveys revealed 32.79% prevalence on average in fecal and litter observation, the molecular study confirmed the presence of E. tenella, E. acervulina , E. necatrix, E maxima , E brunette, E. mitis and E. praecox ( Ayaz et al, 2003 , Khan et al, 2006 , Mustafa and Ali, 2005 , Abbas et al, 2015 , Sultana et al, 2009 , Bachaya et al, 2012 , Bachaya et al, 2015 , Awais et al, 2012 , Shamim et al, 2015 , Amin et al, 2014 , Rashid et al, 2019 , Ali et al, 2014 , Jamil et al, 2016 , Akram et al, 2018 , Naveed and Faryal, 2019 , Yousaf et al, 2018 , Sohail et al, 2019 , Khan, 2019 , Ullah et al, 2020a , Ullah et al, 2020b ). Eimeria spp are specific to different loci in the gastrointestinal tract of the avian host ( Lee and Lee, 2007 , Bachaya et al, 2015 ).…”

Significance of Diet in Acne Vulgaris patients attending Dermatology clinic at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi

“…The study aimed to investigate an association between acne vulgaris and various dietary foods among young adults in Karachi, Pakistan. Though research investigating the prevalence of acne vulgaris among various geographic regions of Pakistan has been conducted, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association of various dietary foods with the development and severity of acne vulgaris among a Pakistani population of under 30 years of age [18,19] . The severity of acne was assessed using a standardized tool known as the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS), which grades the progressive nature of acne on various parts of the body, although this study did not include participants in grade 4 or 5 category on the CASS scale as they may already be consuming prescriptive medications for the acne severity (Table-I).…”