Determination of urinary testosterone and epitestosterone during pubertal development: a cross‐sectional study in 141 normal male subjects

Raynaud, E; Audran, Michel; Pages, J; Fédou, C.; Brun, J.‐F.; Chanal, J. L.; Orsetti, A

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00514.x

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the wide intra-and inter-individual variability in excreted testosterone concentrations has been previously demonstrated by several studies [10,47,48]. To accurately perform steroid profiling, the ratio of testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (E) should have been investigated [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of endogenous boldione in human urine: Influence of phytosterol consumption

Verheyden

Noppe

Vanhaecke

et al. 2009

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of endogenous boldione in human urine: Influence of phytosterol consumption

Verheyden

Noppe

Vanhaecke

et al. 2009

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…After while, it became apparent that certain individuals had T/E ratios naturally elevated above 6 [9], the IOC stated that a follow-up was needed for T/E ratios above this value to prove physiological or pathological circumstances. In August 2004, a technical document from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was adopted with the need of submitting the sample to IRMS analysis for determination of the 13 C/ 12 C ratio of selected steroids, if the urinary T/E ratio value is equal or greater than 4 as well as for altered steroid profiles with testosterone metabolites and DHEA concentration greater than fixed cut-off concentrations [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal profiling of urinary steroids by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Diet change may result in carbon isotopic variations

Saudan

Kamber

Barbati³

et al. 2006

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Epitestosterone is a natural hormone mainly produced in testes (the adrenal contribution is relatively modest), whereby on a functional level, a distinct antiandrogenic activity has been demonstrated [17][18][19]. Clear age dependence of epitestosterone plasma concentration during puberty was shown, whereby epitestosterone and testosterone showed an increase followed by a decrease during this stage of development [14,[18][19][20][21]. Nevertheless, neither the biosynthetic pathways nor the site of its formation of epitestosterone in man has been unequivocally confirmed to date [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone/Epitestosterone Ratios—Further Hints to Explain Hyperandrogenemia in Children with Autism

Gasser

Kurz²,

Mohaupt

2021

Diseases

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Background: Epitestosterone [E] has for a long time been considered as a biologically inactive androgen. However, recently a distinct antiandrogenic activity of this naturally occurring endogenous epimer of Testosterone has been demonstrated. Especially the ratios of testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) seem to be key as inhibition of epitestosterone on androgen activity was postulated. As in autism, a higher androgen activity was implied. We, therefore, suggested higher levels of T/E ratios of children with autism versus children with typical development. Methods: Urine probes of 22 girls with autism (BMI 18.7 ± 4.3; average age 12.3 ± 3.8 years) and a sample of 51 controls (BMI 17.0 ± 2.6; average age 11.9 ± 4 years), as well as 61 boys with autism (BMI 17.04 ± 2. average age 11.9 ± 2.5 years) and 61 control boys (BMI 17.0 ± 2.6; average age 11.1 ± 3.0 years), were analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The average T/E ratio of all boys with autism was 2.5 ± 1.8 versus 2.4 ± 1.3 in boys with typical development, respectively. No significant difference between boys with autism versus boys with typical development could be detected (p = 0.977). In girls with autism, the average T/E ratio was 1.4 ± 0.9 versus 2.0 ± 1.4 in girls with typical development, whereby a significant difference could be detected (p = 0.0285). Further, polynomial analysis of the third degree were conducted, showing a dependence from age with reasonable coefficients of determination (0.075 < R2 < 0.22, all samples). Discussion: As encompassing steroid hormone analysis are expensive and work-intensive, we hoped to find an easily applicable biomarker to support diagnostics in autism. However, as a relatively small sample of only 22 girls with autism were analyzed and menstrual cycle and pubertal status were only partly controllable through the matching of BMI and age, the question arises if it was an incidental finding. Nevertheless, one suggestion might be that epitestosterone has the effect of a competitive inhibition on the androgen receptor, which would probably help to explain the higher prevalence of autism in boys as compared to girls. Presumably, as no significant difference was detected in boys, this effect might not be as relevant from a steroid hormone perspective, and other effects such as altered 17/20-hydroxylase activity as previously shown in boys and girls with autism seem to have more relevance. Analysis of larger samples, including plenty of metabolites and enzymatic cascades, as well as the role of backdoor pathway activity of androgen synthesis of girls with autism, are demanded in order to validate current findings of altered steroid hormones in autism.

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Determination of urinary testosterone and epitestosterone during pubertal development: a cross‐sectional study in 141 normal male subjects

Abstract: Testosterone and epitestosterone do not present the same urinary profiles throughout puberty. Marked increases of the testosterone to epitestosterone ratio can be observed at this period and may interfere with doping tests.

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Excretion of endogenous boldione in human urine: Influence of phytosterol consumption

Excretion of endogenous boldione in human urine: Influence of phytosterol consumption

Longitudinal profiling of urinary steroids by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Diet change may result in carbon isotopic variations

Testosterone/Epitestosterone Ratios—Further Hints to Explain Hyperandrogenemia in Children with Autism

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