Determination of urinary lignans and phytoestrogen metabolites, potential antiestrogens and anticarcinogens, in urine of women on various habitual diets

Adlercreutz, Herman; Fotsis, Theodore; Bannwart, C.; Wähälä, Kristiina; Mäkelä, Taru; Brunow, Gösta; Hase, Tapio

doi:10.1016/0022-4731(86)90310-9

Cited by 352 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Except for hesperetin, excretion levels of the other flavonoids are somewhat higher than those observed previously in two Danish studies, in which the subjects ingested either their habitual diet or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables (Table 5). Our average concentration of enterolactone also seems high as compared to those reported in several other studies (reviewed in Horn-Ross et al (1997)) and is more comparable to the one in women following a macrobiotic diet (Adlercreutz et al, 1986). It is known that a French population, in general, eats more fruits and vegetables than a general population in Anglo-Saxon countries, were most of the previous studies have been carried out, and this may be one reason for the higher values (Beer-Borst et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urinary excretion of 13 dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids in free-living healthy subjects – variability and possible use as biomarkers of polyphenol intake

et al. 2007

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Objective: Estimation of dietary intake of polyphenols is difficult, due to limited availability of food composition data and bias inherent to dietary assessment methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether we could detect polyphenols and their metabolites in a spot urine sample in a free-living human population and whether it was related to those observed in 24-h urine samples, for potential use as a biomarkers of polyphenol intake. Subjects: Four 24-h urine samples and two spot urine samples were collected from 154 participants of the SU.VI.MAX cohort (a randomized primary-prevention trial evaluating the effect of daily antioxidant supplementation on chronic diseases) in two separate studies over, respectively, a 7-and 2-day periods. Thirteen polyphenols and metabolites (chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeic acid (CA), m-coumaric acid (mCOU), gallic acid (GA), 4-O-methylgallic acid (MeGA), quercetin (Q), isorhamnetin (MeQ), kaempferol (K), hesperetin (HESP), naringenin (NAR), phloretin (PHLOR), enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END) were measured using HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. Results: Correlations between the urinary excretion levels were observed. The most significant were explained by metabolic filiations (CGA/CA, CA/mCOU, GA/MeGA, Q/MeQ, NAR/PHLOR, ENL/END) or co-occurrence in a same food source (NAR/ HESP). Concentrations in spot samples correlated with those in 24-h urine sample (Po0.02, except for CA and for MeQ). Intraindividual variations were smaller than inter-individual variations for all polyphenols (Po0.01) except for MeGA and for PHLOR. Conclusion: These results show that these polyphenols and metabolites are useful biomarkers for polyphenol intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urinary excretion of 13 dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids in free-living healthy subjects – variability and possible use as biomarkers of polyphenol intake

et al. 2007

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“…Phytoestrogens metabolism is highly influenced by factors such as basal diet composition, composition of the gut microflora, endogenous hormones and antibiotic use (Adlercreutz et al, 1986). Since daidzein metabolism to equol in the gut reportedly varies, individuals are classified as ''equol producers'' or not, depending upon how efficiently they metabolize daidzein to equol (Setchell et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoestrogens have been measured in urine (Adlercreutz et al, 1986(Adlercreutz et al, , 1991(Adlercreutz et al, , 1995bHorn-Ross et al, 1997;Roach et al, 1998, Lampe et al, 1998Uehar et al, 2000;Dai et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2002;Valentı´n-Blasini et al, 2003); feces (Adlercreutz et al, 1995a); serum (Anderson et al, 1995;Stumpf et al, 2000;Morton et al, 2002 Figure 1. A schematic representation of the reported metabolism of isoflavones (a) and lignans (b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Valentín-Blasini

Sadowski

Walden

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We report population-based urinary concentrations of phytoestrogens stratified by age, sex, and composite racial/ethnic variables. We measured the isoflavones F genistein, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) F and the lignans F enterolactone and enterodiol F in approximately 2500 urine samples from individuals aged 6 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000. We detected all phytoestrogens in over 70% of the samples analyzed; enterolactone was detected in the highest concentrations, and daidzein was detected with the highest frequency. The geometric means for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 22.3 mg/g; daidzein, 68.6 mg/g; equol, 7.65 mg/g; O-DMA, 3.95 mg/g; enterolactone, 217 mg/g; and enterodiol, 24.3 mg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for each phytoestrogen were as follows: genistein, 380 mg/g; daidzein, 944 mg/g; equol, 50.3 mg/g; O-DMA, 217 mg/g; enterolactone, 2240 mg/g; and enterodiol, 240 mg/g creatinine. Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences among many of the demographic subgroups. Adolescents had higher concentrations of genistein and equol than adults. Non-Hispanic whites had higher concentrations of enterodiol and equol than Mexican Americans or non-Hispanic blacks. Non-Hispanic whites also had higher concentrations of enterolactone and O-DMA than Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had higher concentrations of genistein than non-Hispanic blacks; however, the opposite was found for O-DMA. Determination of phytoestrogen exposure in the US population will help us to better understand phytoestrogen consumption in the US and will assist us in elucidating the potential role of phytoestrogens in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

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“…Out of a total of 166 endometrial cancer cases, 4 cases from the NYUWHS were excluded for antibiotic use in the 4 weeks prior to blood donation (because such use has been shown to almost completely eliminate the formation of enterolactone from plant precursors in the gut, [19][20][21] and 9 cases (6 from NYUWHS and 3 from the NSHDS) because of insufficient sample volume. As a result, 153 cases were included in the present analysis.…”

Section: Study Cohortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating enterolactone and risk of endometrial cancer

Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte

Lundin

Micheli

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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It has been suggested that phytoestrogens protect against hormone-dependent cancers. Lignans are the main class of phytoestrogens in Western diets. We conducted a prospective study of endometrial cancer and circulating levels of the main human lignan, enterolactone. The design was a case-control study nested within 3 prospective cohort studies, in New York, Sweden and Italy. Serum or plasma samples had been collected at enrollment and stored at 280°C. A total of 153 cases, diagnosed a median of 5.3 years after blood donation, and 271 matched controls were included. No difference in circulating enterolactone was observed between cases (median, 19.2 nmol/L) and controls (18.5 nmol/L). Adjusting for body mass index, the odds ratio for the top tertile of enterolactone, as compared to the lowest was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7-2.0; p for trend 5 0.53). Lack of association was observed in both pre-and postmenopausal women. No correlation was observed between enterolactone and circulating estrogens or SHBG in healthy postmenopausal women. These results do not support a protective role of circulating lignans, in the range of levels observed, against endometrial cancer. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: endometrial cancer; prospective study; nested casecontrol study; enterolactone; lignan; phytoestrogen It has been suggested that phytoestrogens (estrogenic compounds of plant origin) protect against hormone-dependent cancers. Estrogen-related mechanisms that have been proposed include competitive binding with estrogen receptors (ERs), resulting in an overall anti-estrogenic effect when estrogen concentrations are high because of the weak estrogenic potency of phytoestrogens as compared to estradiol; inhibition of aromatase (the enzyme responsible for the peripheral conversion of androgens into estrogens); and stimulation of the production of SHBG, resulting in reduced circulating free estradiol. [1][2][3][4][5] Phytoestrogens have also been reported to have antioxidant and antiproliferative properties which provide additional pathways through which they may reduce cancer risk. 6,7 The 2 main groups of phytoestrogens found in humans, the isoflavonoids and the lignans, are formed in the intestinal tract by transformation of plant precursors (isoflavone glycosides and plant lignans) by the microflora. Soy and soy products are the main sources of isoflavones, whereas lignans are found in oilseeds, in particular flaxseed, whole grain products, nuts, berries, legumes and some vegetables and fruits. 6,[8][9][10] Historically, lignans have been the main group of phytoestrogens in Western-type diets.Endometrial cancer is of particular interest when studying exposures thought to act through estrogen-related mechanisms because of the strong, direct association of both exogenous estrogens, such as estrogen replacement therapy, 11 and endogenous estrogens 12,13 with risk. We measured circulating enterolactone levels in subjects from a case-control study of endometrial cancer nested within 3 cohorts, the New York University Women's Health Study (...

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Determination of urinary lignans and phytoestrogen metabolites, potential antiestrogens and anticarcinogens, in urine of women on various habitual diets

Cited by 352 publications

References 36 publications

Urinary excretion of 13 dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids in free-living healthy subjects – variability and possible use as biomarkers of polyphenol intake

Urinary excretion of 13 dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids in free-living healthy subjects – variability and possible use as biomarkers of polyphenol intake

Urinary phytoestrogen concentrations in the U.S. population (1999–2000)

Circulating enterolactone and risk of endometrial cancer

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