Determination of tryptophan and its metabolites in human plasma and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with automated sample clean-up system

Morita, Ikue; Kawamoto, Makoto; Hattori, Masayasu; Eguchi, Katsuto; Sekiba, K; Yoshida, Hisanobu

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82520-7

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The obtained concentrations for neopterin are somewhat higher than published,76 which might be due to preanalytical instability. The obtained plasma concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine are similar to those reported by others, but for other kynurenines, published data are sparse and conflicting 19, 27, 30, 31, 69, 77–81…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B‐vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Midttun

Hustad

Ueland

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

292

271

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Vitamins B 2 and B 6 serve as cofactors in enzymatic reactions involved in tryptophan and homocysteine metabolism. Plasma concentrations of these vitamins and amino acids are related to smoking and inflammation, and correlate with other markers of immune activation. Large-scale studies of these relations have been hampered by lack of suitable analytical methods. The assay described includes riboflavin, five vitamin B 6 forms (pyridoxal 5(-phosphate, pyridoxal, 4-pyridoxic acid, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine), tryptophan and six tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid), cystathionine, neopterin and cotinine. Trichloroacetic acid containing 13 isotope-labelled internal standards was added to 60 mL of plasma, the mixture was centrifuged, and the resulting supernatant used for analysis. The analytes were separated within 5 min on a stable-bond C8 column by a gradient-type mobile phase containing acetonitrile, heptafluorobutyric acid and high concentration (650 mmol/L) of acetic acid, and detected using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The mobile phase ensured sufficient separation and high ionization efficiency of all analytes. Recoveries were 75-123% and within-day and between-day coefficients of variance (CVs) were 2.5-9.5% and 5.4-16.9%, respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 7 nmol/L. The method enables quantification of endogenous plasma concentrations of 16 analytes related to B-vitamin status and inflammation, and may prove useful in large-scale epidemiological studies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B‐vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Midttun

Hustad

Ueland

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

292

271

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“…Thus, the presence of exogenous IAA could not only promote bacterial growth but also favor stress and virulence responses. Interestingly, human body fluids contain significant amounts of IAA and some derivatives, such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) [71], [72], [73], which could promote the growth and virulence of A. baumannii and the subsequent pathogenesis of the infections it causes in the human host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol on Differential Protein Production and Expression of Potential Virulence Functions in the Opportunistic Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

et al. 2012

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Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the medical environment and causes severe human nosocomial infections. Previous studies showed that low-level ethanol exposure increases the virulence of A. baumannii ATCC 17978. To better understand the mechanisms involved in this response, 2-D gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry was used to investigate differential protein production in bacteria cultured in the presence or absence of ethanol. This approach showed that the presence of ethanol significantly induces and represses the production of 22 and 12 proteins, respectively. Although over 25% of the ethanol-induced proteins were stress-response related, the overall bacterial viability was uncompromised when cultured under these conditions. Production of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate anabolism was increased in the presence of ethanol, a response that correlates with increased carbohydrate biofilm content, enhanced biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and decrease bacterial motility on semi-solid surfaces. The presence of ethanol also induced the acidification of bacterial cultures and the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a ubiquitous plant hormone that signals bacterial stress-tolerance and promotes plant-bacteria interactions. These responses could be responsible for the significantly enhanced virulence of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 cells cultured in the presence of ethanol when tested with the Galleria mellonella experimental infection model. Taken together, these observations provide new insights into the effect of ethanol in bacterial virulence. This alcohol predisposes the human host to infections by A. baumannii and could favor the survival and adaptation of this pathogen to medical settings and adverse host environments.

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“…Since these functions are altered in pathophysiologic states such as IBD, it is conjectured that in this disease there may be a loss of indole-mediated homeostasis [54]. First, indoles and in particular indole propionic acid is present in both serum and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) in humans [55, 56]. In a population study of the IPA concentrations observed in blood at steady-state, one study showed median concentrations ∼ 0.481 (range: 0.291–1.095) µM [57].…”

Section: Intestinal Barrier Function and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed substantial inter-individual variation (up to 10–20 fold) that is significantly reduced by serial measurements performed repeatedly over 4 weeks. The variability in the plasma levels of IPA were attributed to differences in the intestinal flora and dietary tryptophan intake [55]. The CSF content of IPA is much less and estimated to be in the range of 300:1 (plasma:CSF) [60].…”

Section: Intestinal Barrier Function and Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenobiotic Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function and Innate Immunity

Ranhotra

Flannigan

Brave

et al. 2016

Nuclear Receptor Research

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The molecular basis for the regulation of the intestinal barrier is a very fertile research area. A growing body of knowledge supports the targeting of various components of intestinal barrier function as means to treat a variety of diseases, including the inflammatory bowel diseases. Herein, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of key xenobiotic receptor regulators of barrier function, highlighting recent advances, such that the field and its future are succinctly reviewed. We posit that these receptors confer an additional dimension of host-microbe interaction in the gut, by sensing and responding to metabolites released from the symbiotic microbiota, in innate immunity and also in host drug metabolism. The scientific evidence for involvement of the receptors and its molecular basis for the control of barrier function and innate immunity regulation would serve as a rationale towards development of non-toxic probes and ligands as drugs.

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Determination of tryptophan and its metabolites in human plasma and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with automated sample clean-up system

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B‐vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B‐vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Effect of Ethanol on Differential Protein Production and Expression of Potential Virulence Functions in the Opportunistic Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

Xenobiotic Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function and Innate Immunity

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